Figure 8. ESM1 drives PCa metastasis by coordinating with the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.

Schematic diagram illustrating how elevated ESM1 expression promotes development of PCa by raising cancer stem cell populations. The interaction between ESM1 and β‐catenin leads to the stabilization of β‐catenin–TCF4 complex and recruitment of this complex to the DNA. Stabilized β‐catenin and ESM1 promote the binding of TCF4 to DNA, Wnt activation of downstream gene expression, cancer cell stemness, and tumor metastasis.