TABLE 2.

Meta-analysis results for significant associations with sex and phenotypes (reference: male)

Outcome	Beta	SE	P	P-adj	Mean [95%CI]
Progression analysis
Cognitive_Impairment	−0.436	0.102	2.1E-05	7.7E-4	0.65 [0.53, 0.79] (HR)
Dyskinesia	0.255	0.055	4.1E-06	1.6E-4	1.29 [1.16, 1.44] (HR)
UPDRS2_scaled	−0.139	0.029	1.1E-06	4.1E-5	−0.14 [−0.20, −0.08]
UPDRS_scaled	−0.113	0.025	5.3E-06	2.0E-4	−0.11 [−0.16, −0.06]
Baseline analysis
Dyskinesia	0.434	0.129	7.3E-04	0.0277	1.54 [1.20, 1.99] (OR)
MoCA	0.634	0.186	6.8E-04	0.0251	0.63 [0.27, 1.00]
UPDRS2_scaled	−0.124	0.031	6.5E-05	0.0024	−0.12 [−0.18, −0.06]
UPDRS3_scaled	−0.114	0.031	2.5E-04	0.0093	−0.11 [−0.17, −0.05]
UPDRS_scaled	−0.107	0.027	6.9E-05	0.0026	−0.11 [−0.16, −0.05]

Progression analyses test the association between incidence rates (binomial) or rates of change per years (continuous) and sex. The models were adjusted for age and disease duration (both linear and square terms), indictors for levodopa and/or agonist usages. “_scaled” scores were normalized (mean 0, standard deviation of 1) to the baseline distributions as the original scores.

SE, standard error; P-adj, Bonferroni adjusted P (raw-P times 37 [the number of multiple comparisons]).

Mean [95%CI], Mean and 95% confidence interval of the difference in each scale. HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio, UPDRS, unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.