Table 3.
Results of longitudinal growth-curve models
| Intention to drop out | Average grades | Life satisfaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | |
| Resilience | − 0.144*** | − 0.139*** | 0.109*** | 0.090*** | 0.526*** | 0.511*** |
| (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.040) | (0.040) | |
| Female | − 0.021* | 0.092*** | − 0.035 | |||
| (0.009) | (0.010) | (0.024) | ||||
| Age in 2011 | 0.008*** | − 0.016*** | − 0.062*** | |||
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.006) | ||||
| Place of birth | ||||||
| Western Germany | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Eastern Germany | − 0.012 | − 0.035** | − 0.054 | |||
| (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.030) | ||||
| Foreign-born | 0.032 | − 0.011 | − 0.091 | |||
| (0.023) | (0.026) | (0.064) | ||||
| Migration status of parents | ||||||
| Both parents born in Germany | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| One parent born abroad | 0.070*** | − 0.068*** | − 0.093* | |||
| (0.019) | (0.019) | (0.045) | ||||
| Both parents born abroad | 0.052** | − 0.160*** | − 0.078 | |||
| (0.020) | (0.023) | (0.053) | ||||
| University of Applied Sciences | − 0.036** | 0.132*** | 0.026 | |||
| (0.011) | (0.012) | (0.028) | ||||
| Field of study | ||||||
| Cultural sciences | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Law/economics/social sciences | 0.060*** | − 0.141*** | − 0.120*** | |||
| (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.031) | ||||
| STEM | 0.035** | − 0.170*** | − 0.041 | |||
| (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.030) | ||||
| Medicine/health | − 0.069*** | − 0.137*** | 0.138** | |||
| (0.018) | (0.024) | (0.048) | ||||
| Engineering | 0.033* | − 0.303*** | − 0.067 | |||
| (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.038) | ||||
| Arts | 0.008 | 0.123*** | 0.036 | |||
| (0.025) | (0.028) | (0.070) | ||||
| Average parental ISEI | − 0.000 | 0.001*** | 0.004*** | |||
| (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.001) | ||||
| Student loan eligible | 0.022* | − 0.038*** | − 0.239*** | |||
| (0.010) | (0.009) | (0.024) | ||||
| Parental education level | ||||||
| Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Medium | − 0.006 | 0.024 | 0.053 | |||
| (0.015) | (0.017) | (0.045) | ||||
| High | − 0.011 | 0.039* | 0.040 | |||
| (0.016) | (0.017) | (0.044) | ||||
| Tertiary | − 0.009 | 0.049* | 0.059 | |||
| (0.017) | (0.021) | (0.049) | ||||
| Number of siblings | 0.011** | − 0.008 | 0.010 | |||
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.010) | ||||
| Years in kindergarten | − 0.004 | − 0.009* | − 0.008 | |||
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.012) | ||||
| Mother has died | − 0.009 | 0.000 | − 0.079 | |||
| (0.042) | (0.039) | (0.099) | ||||
| Father has died | − 0.004 | 0.023 | − 0.121* | |||
| (0.024) | (0.027) | (0.061) | ||||
| Age of father in 2011 | 0.002 | − 0.001 | − 0.005 | |||
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.003) | ||||
| Age of mother in 2011 | − 0.000 | 0.002 | − 0.003 | |||
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.003) | ||||
| Living with family | 0.053*** | − 0.025* | − 0.098*** | |||
| (0.009) | (0.011) | (0.020) | ||||
| Constant | 1.603*** | 1.315*** | 2.668*** | 2.961*** | 7.185*** | 8.947*** |
| (0.006) | (0.063) | (0.006) | (0.068) | (0.016) | (0.174) | |
| Observations | 70,040 | 70,040 | 70,040 | 70,040 | 70,040 | 70,040 |
| Persons | 17,510 | 17,510 | 17,510 | 17,510 | 17,510 | 17,510 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.007 | 0.021 | 0.025 | 0.116 | 0.014 | 0.041 |
Source NEPS SC5, imputed data. Standard errors in parentheses. Adjusted R2 statistics are taken from OLS regression models and are to be seen as approximations. All models include wave dummies and wave resilience interaction variables
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001