Table 1.
Chitin and chitin-derivative degradation capacities of marine sponge and octocoral-derived bacterial isolates
| Strain | Identity | Isolation sourcea | Chitin degradationb | Chitinase activity (units/mL)c | chiA PCRd | Genome sequencee | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EndoS3 | ExoS1 | ExoS2 | ||||||
| Mc110 | Micrococcus sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | − | − | − | − | − | No |
| EL33 | Aquimarina sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | ++ | − | + | FLRG00000000.1 |
| EL43 | Aquimarina sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | ++ | − | + | No |
| Aq349 | Aquimarina sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | + | + | − | + | OMKB00000000.1 |
| Aq78 | Aquimarina sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | + | + | − | + | OMKA00000000.1 |
| Aq135 | Aquimarina sp. | Ircinia variabilis | + | + | − | + | + | OMKE00000000.1 |
| Aq107 | Aquimarina sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | + | − | − | − | + | OMKC00000000.1 |
| EL57 | Aliivibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | + | + | − | + | No |
| EL58 | Aliivibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | ++ | + | − | − | OMPC00000000.1 |
| EL24 | Enterovibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | + | + | + | No |
| EL37 | Enterovibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | + | + | + | No |
| EL22 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | No |
| EL36 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | + | + | + | + | + | No |
| EL38 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | No |
| EL41 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | + | + | − | No |
| EL49 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | + | + | + | No |
| EL62 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | + | + | + | + | + | No |
| EL67 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | + | ++ | + | + | + | No |
| EL112 | Vibrio sp. | Eunicella labiata | ++ | + | + | + | + | No |
| Vb255 | Vibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | Yese |
| Vb258 | Vibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | Yesf |
| Vb341 | Vibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | + | + | + | + | - | No |
| Vb339 | Vibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | + | + | + | + | + | GCA_902751245.1 |
| Vb278 | Vibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | CVNE00000000.1 |
| Cw315 | Colwellia sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | − | − | + | − | − | No |
| Pa284 | Pseudoalteromonas sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | + | + | ++ | − | − | No |
| EL12 | Shewanella sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | + | ++ | + | − | No |
| Sw66 | Shewanella sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | + | + | + | ++ | − | No |
| Mb45 | Microbulbifer sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | ++ | + | + | + | − | No |
| EL27 | Pseudophaeobacter sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | OMPQ00000000.1 |
| EL26 | Roseovarius sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | OUMZ00000000.1 |
| EL01 | Ruegeria sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | OMPS00000000.1 |
| Rg50 | Ruegeria sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | − | − | + | − | − | No |
| EL44 | Sulfitobacter sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | OMPT00000000.1 |
| EL53 | uncl. Rhodobacteraceae | Eunicella labiata | − | − | + | − | − | OMPR00000000.1 |
| EL129 | uncl. Rhodobacteraceae | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | ONZJ00000000.1 |
| Ph222 | uncl. Rhodobacteraceae | Ircinia variabilis | − | − | − | − | − | No |
| EL143 | Labrenzia alba | Eunicella labiata | − | + | + | − | − | OGUZ00000000.1 |
| Pv125 | Pseudovibrio sp. | Sarcotragus spinosulus | − | − | ++ | − | − | No |
| EL199 | Kiloniella sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | + | + | − | OMPU00000000.1 |
| EL138 | Sphingorhabdus sp. | Eunicella labiata | − | − | − | − | − | OGVD00000000.1 |
aEunicella labiata: octocoral; Sarcotragus spinosulus and Ircinia variabilis: marine sponges
bChitin degradation observed as halo formation on colloidal chitin-containing agar plates: ++ halo-radius ≥ 8 mm, + halo-radius ≥ 1 mm and < 8 mm
cChitinase activity measured in Units/ml on bacterial culture supernatants (EndoS3 = endo-chitinase activity) or cell extracts (ExoS1 = exo-chitinase β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity; ExoS2 = exo-chitinase chitobiosidase activity): ++ ≥ 1 U/mL, + ≥ 0.01 and < 1 U/mL
dPCR-based amplification of the chiA gene fragments. eAccession numbers are provided for genome sequences available on NCBI
e,fUnpublished draft genomes