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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Feb 10;198:90–108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.005

Table 2.

Biological functions of intact and cleaved GLP-1 alone and with exendin(9–39) (GLP-1R blocker)

Effect Intact GLP-1(7–36) Cleaved GLP-1(9–36) Ref.
Alone With exendin(9–39) Alone With exendin(9–39)
Cell count Decrease No decrease Decrease Decrease Cantini et al. (2017)
Cell proliferation Decrease ND Decrease ND Cantini et al. (2017)
Apoptosis Increase ND Increase ND Cantini et al. (2017)
Adipogenesis Decrease No decrease Decrease Decrease Cantini et al. (2017), El Bekay et al. (2016)
Glucose uptake Decrease ND Decrease ND Cantini et al. (2017)
Myocardial protective effects Increase Increase Increase Increase Robinson et al. (2016), Sonne et al. (2008)

ND: not determined