Table 8.
Effect of N-terminal cleavage on receptor activation and biological functions of CXCL12α and β
Intact CXCL12 | Cleaved CXCL12 | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|
CXCR4 receptor (G-protein agonist) | High | No activation | Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017), Janssens et al. (2017), Ziarek et al. (2017) |
CXCR4 receptor (β-arrestin recruitment) | High (concentration biased) | Very low with EC50 >103 | Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017) |
ACKR3 receptor (β-arrestin recruitment) | High | Decreased by 80–90% | Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017), Janssens et al. (2017) |
GAG binding | High | Slightly decreased | Janssens et al. (2017) |
BMSCs osteogenic differentiation | increases | inhibits | Elmansi et al. (2018) |
Cell migration | chemotactic | inhibits | Elmansi et al. (2018), Janssens et al. (2017), Kato et al. (1998) |
Anti-HIV-1 activity | Present | Absent | Kato et al. (1998) |