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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Feb 10;198:90–108. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.005

Table 8.

Effect of N-terminal cleavage on receptor activation and biological functions of CXCL12α and β

Intact CXCL12 Cleaved CXCL12 Ref.
CXCR4 receptor (G-protein agonist) High No activation Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017), Janssens et al. (2017), Ziarek et al. (2017)
CXCR4 receptor (β-arrestin recruitment) High (concentration biased) Very low with EC50 >103 Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017)
ACKR3 receptor (β-arrestin recruitment) High Decreased by 80–90% Cheng, Eby, et al. (2017), Janssens et al. (2017)
GAG binding High Slightly decreased Janssens et al. (2017)
BMSCs osteogenic differentiation increases inhibits Elmansi et al. (2018)
Cell migration chemotactic inhibits Elmansi et al. (2018), Janssens et al. (2017), Kato et al. (1998)
Anti-HIV-1 activity Present Absent Kato et al. (1998)