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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Genet Genomics. 2020 Mar 11;295(3):607–619. doi: 10.1007/s00438-020-01651-3

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Stratified Q–Q plots and fold-enrichment plots. Stratified Q–Q plots of nominal vs. empirical − log 10(p) values in principal trait below the standard GWAS threshold of p ≤ 5 × 10−8 as a function of the significance of the association with conditional trait at the level of p ≤ 1, p ≤ 0.1, p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001, and p ≤ 0.0001, respectively. a T2D as a function of the significance of the association with CAD, and b CAD as a function of the significance of the association with T2D. Fold-enrichment plots of enrichment vs. nominal − log 10(p) values (corrected for inflation) corresponding to levels of p ≤ 1, p ≤ 0.1, p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001, respectively in c T2D below the standard GWAS threshold of p ≤ 5 × 10−8 as a function of significance of the association with CAD; and in d CAD below the standard GWAS threshold of p ≤ 5 × 10−8 as a function of significance with T2D. Dashed lines indicate the null-hypothesis