Table 3.
Hazard ratio for developing COVID-19 infection: Summary of all five questionnaires
| Percent with feature | Total pos | Total neg | Total number | Percent Pos | Hazards Ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
| Social factors | ||||||||
| Roommate COVID positive | 1.81% | 39 | 55 | 94 | 41.49% | 27.44 | 19.798-38.048 | <0.0001 |
| No roommate with COVID | 77 | 5016 | 5093 | 1.51% | ||||
| Health care provider | 8.85% | 22 | 436 | 458 | 4.80% | 2.41 | 1.532-3.799 | 0.0001 |
| Not health care provider | 94 | 4626 | 4720 | 1.99% | ||||
| Current treatment for sarcoidosis | ||||||||
| Current Prednisone | ||||||||
| Yes | 30.93% | 36 | 1567 | 1603 | 2.25% | 1.02 | 0.689-1.503 | >0.10 |
| No | 79 | 3501 | 3580 | 2.21% | ||||
| If taking prednisone: | ||||||||
| Prednisone >10 mg or more | 22.29% | 16 | 520 | 536 | 2.99% | 0.98 | 0.567-1.690 | >0.10 |
| Prednisone < 10 mg | 57 | 1812 | 1869 | 3.05% | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | ||||||||
| Yes | 9.20% | 8 | 417 | 425 | 1.88% | 0.80 | 0.391-1.628 | >0.10 |
| No | 99 | 4095 | 4184 | 2.36% | ||||
| anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (infliximab, adalmumab) | ||||||||
| Yes | 7.89% | 8 | 389 | 397 | 2.02% | 0.89 | 0.437-1.812 | >0.10 |
| No | 105 | 4531 | 4636 | 2.26% | ||||
| Cytotoxic (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, leflunomide) | ||||||||
| Yes | 22.54% | 27 | 1141 | 1168 | 2.31% | 1.05 | 0.688-1.615 | >0.10 |
| No | 88 | 3926 | 4014 | 2.19% | ||||
| Rituximab | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.28% | 7 | 53 | 60 | 11.67% | 5.3993 | 2.621-11.123 | <0.0001 |
| No | 100 | 4528 | 4628 | 2.16% | ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| COPD | ||||||||
| Yes | 11.43% | 16 | 578 | 594 | 2.69% | 1.25 | 0.744-2.108 | >0.10 |
| No | 99 | 4503 | 4602 | 2.15% | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| Yes | 10.25% | 9 | 524 | 533 | 1.69% | 0.74 | 0.375-1.445 | >0.10 |
| No | 107 | 4558 | 4665 | 2.29% | ||||
| Heart disease | ||||||||
| Yes | 10.40% | 9 | 375 | 384 | 2.34% | 1.034 | 0.522-2.048 | >0.10 |
| No | 75 | 3234 | 3309 | 2.27% | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Yes | 19.62% | 24 | 1003 | 1027 | 2.34% | 1.07 | 0.686-1.666 | >0.10 |
| No | 92 | 4115 | 4207 | 2.19% | ||||
| Organ involvement from sarcoidosis | ||||||||
| Lung | ||||||||
| Yes | 73.09% | 101 | 3696 | 3797 | 2.66% | 2.48 | 1.446-4.249 | 0.001 |
| No | 15 | 1383 | 1398 | 1.07% | ||||
| Cardiac | ||||||||
| Yes | 9.02% | 15 | 442 | 457 | 3.28% | 1.5 | 0.878-2.555 | >0.10 |
| No | 101 | 4509 | 4610 | 2.19% | ||||
| Neurologic | ||||||||
| Yes | 8.33% | 18 | 415 | 433 | 4.16% | 2.02 | 1.234-3.307 | 0.0052 |
| No | 98 | 4664 | 4762 | 2.06% | ||||
| Demographic features | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 32.42% | 31 | 1420 | 1451 | 2.14% | 0.7784 | 0.518-1.117 | >0.10 |
| Female | 83 | 2941 | 3024 | 2.74% | ||||
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 32.78% | 36 | 1399 | 1435 | 2.51% | 0.9346 | 0.633-1.379 | >0.10 |
| White | 79 | 2864 | 2943 | 2.68% | ||||
| Duration of disease | ||||||||
| Sarcoidosis > 5 years | 71.61% | 75 | 2735 | 2810 | 2.67% | 1.1012 | 0.713-1.700 | >0.10 |
| Sarcoidosis < 5 years | 27 | 1087 | 1114 | 2.42% |
†Data not available from Dutch registry
CI: confidence interval; anti-TNF: anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease