TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies in the Meta-analysis.
| Study ID | Location | Single/multicenter | Patients type | Age (year) mean ± SD | Baseline Hb (g/dl) | Interventions | No | Dosage of medication | Study duration | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holdstock2016 | United States | Multicenter | NDD patients | 69.2 ± 11.0 | 9.91 ± 0.57 | Placebo | 18 | Orally once-daily | 4 weeks | Phase 2a |
| 71.3 ± 11.3 | 10.08 ± 0.72 | Daprodustat | 54 | 0.5, 2, 5 mg once-daily | ||||||
| DD patients | 64.2 ± 12.8 | 10.89 ± 0.52 | rhEPO | 20 | Not mentioned | 4 weeks | Phase 2a | |||
| 55.6 ± 17.9 | 10.80 ± 0.61 | Daprodustat | 62 | 0.5, 2, 5 mg once-daily | ||||||
| Brigandi et al., 2016 | Australia, New Zealand, India, Russia | Multicenter | NDD patients | 54.8 ± 17.26 | - | Placebo | 9 | Orally once-daily | 28 days | Phase 2a |
| 62.1 ± 12.38 | - | Daprodustat | 61 | 10, 25, 50, 100 mg once-daily | ||||||
| DD patients | 57.2 ± 7.03 | - | Placebo | 6 | Orally once-daily | 28 days | Phase 2a | |||
| 50.0 ± 12.01 | - | Daprodustat | 31 | 10, 25 mg once-daily | ||||||
| Meadowcroft et al., 2019 | Global study | Multicenter | DD patients | 59.7 ± 18.7 | 10.6 ± 0.94 | rhEPO | 39 | Placebo qd for 4w + rhEPO (epoetin or their biosimilars, or darbepoetin alfa) for the remaining 20 weeks | 24 weeks | Phase 2 |
| 59.6 ± 13.3 | 10.4 ± 0.66 | Daprodustat | 177 | a fixed-dose of 4, 6, 8 10,12 mg for 4 weeks+the need for dose adjustments was evaluated every 4 weeks | ||||||
| Holdstock et al., 2019 | Global study | Multicenter | NDD patients | 65.4 ± 13.6 | 10.1 ± 0.67 | rhEPO | 80 | rhEPO (epoetins or their biosimilars or darbepoetin), chose the rhEPO dose to achieve and maintain Hb levels within the target range | 24 weeks | Phase 2 |
| 66.5 ± 12.78 | 10.0 ± 0.77 | Daprodustat | 170 | rhEPO-naı¨ve: once-daily daprodustat (1, 2 or 4 mg daily depending on baseline Hb); rhEPO-user:daprodustat 2 mg daily (fixed 4w,later make dose adjustment to achieve Hb target range) |
| Study ID | Location | Single/multicenter | Patients type | Age (year) mean ± SD | Baseline Hb (g/dl) | Interventions | No | Dosage of medication | Study duration | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akizawa et al., 2017 | Japan | Multicenter | DD patients | 63.4 ± 8.98 | 8.5–10.5 | Placebo | 19 | Orally once daily | 4 weeks | Phase 2 |
| 62.4 ± 9.7 | - | Daprodustat | 97 | 4, 6, 8, 10 mg orally once daily | ||||||
| Christine 2019 | Russia,Spain,United States,Canada,Germany | Multicenter | DD patients | 60.9 ± 13.3 | 10.6 ± 0.75 | Placebo | 19 | Not mentioned, placebo | 29 days | Phase 2 |
| 64.1 ± 15.0 | 10.6 ± 0.69 | Daprodustat | 84 | 10, 15, 25, 30 mg three times weekly | ||||||
| Tadao 2019 | Japan | Multicenter | DD patients | 63.5 ± 10.54 | 10.82 ± 0.73 | Darbepoetin alfa | 135 | IV darbepoetin alfa injection (10,15,20,30,40, and 60 μg [ug] as recommended) once weekly | 52 weeks | Phase 3 |
| 64.1 ± 10.3 | 10.94 ± 0.77 | Daprodustat | 136 | Oral daprodustat tablets (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 mg [mg] as recommended) once daily | ||||||
| NCT02791763 | Japan | Multicenter | NDD patients | 70.3 ± 9.09 | 10.68 ± 1.07 | Epoetin beta | 150 | Subcutaneous epoetin beta pegol (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg [µg] as recommended) dose once every 2 or 4 weeks | 52 weeks | Phase 3 |
| 68.2 ± 11.57 | 10.48 ± 1.14 | Daprodustat | 149 | Oral daprodustat (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, or 24 mg [mg] as recommended) dose once daily |
Note: DD, dialysis-dependent; NDD, non-dialysis dependent; rhEPO, recombinant human erythropoietin; IV, intravenous.