Table 4.

Predictors of at least moderate depression, anxiety and stress

Characteristic	Univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.94 (1.11 to 3.41)	0.021	0.96 (0.94 to 0.98)	<0.001
Gender	0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)	0.002		0.796
Education level		0.79
Employment status		0.95
IBD diagnosis		0.20
Age at IBD diagnosis	0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)	0.009		0.297
Current steroid use		0.161
Immunomodulator (IM) and biological use
No IM or biologics	Index	0.014		0.008
Combination therapy	0.92 (0.47 to 1.83)	0.819	0.69 (0.31 to 1.53)	0.357
IM monotherapy	0.33 (0.16 to 0.69)	0.003	0.26 (0.11 to 0.58)	0.001
Biologics monotherapy	0.76 (0.39 to 1.46)	0.408	0.76 (0.35 to 1.66)	0.495
IBD medication knowledge		0.71
IBD medication compliance		0.16
Symptom status:
No symptoms	Index		Index
Mild	2.08 (1.17 to 3.69)	0.012	1.74 (0.90 to 3.36)	0.099
Moderate	3.48 (1.69 to 7.17)	0.001	3.89 (1.69 to 8.93)	0.001
Severe	4.03 (1.77 to 9.17)	0.001	3.97 (1.52 to 10.4)	0.005
Usual caregiver
IBD clinic	Index			0.439
General Gastroenterology clinic	3.28 (1.53 to 7.05)	0.002
Surgeon (Public & Private)	0.77 (0.12 to 4.84)	0.78
Private Gastroenterologist	2.12 (1.24 to 3.64)	0.006
General Physician	1.54 (0.59 to 4.04)	0.382
Lack of access to IBD nurse	1.65 (1.05 to 2.60)	0.031	1.81 (1.03 to 3.19)	0.04
Access to gastroenterologist phone-based review		0.211
Lack of advice from medical practitioner regarding reducing COVID-19 infection risk	1.74 (1.01 to 2.76)	0.018	1.99 (1.13 to 3.50)	0.017
Perceived increased susceptibility to COVID-19 compared with general population:
Strongly agree	Index		Index
Agree	0.73 (0.42 to 1.27)	0.268	0.71 (0.38 to 1.35)	0.302
Neither agree nor disagree	0.32 (0.17 to 0.61)	0.001	0.22 (0.10 to 0.48)	<0.001
Disagree	0.24 (0.82 to 0.72)	0.011	0.15 (0.04 to 0.54)	0.003
Strongly disagree		0.999		0.999
Exposure to COVID-19 information on the news and social media		0.88		–

95% CI is displayed for variables with statistically significant differences.

IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.