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. 2021 Feb 1;11:607968. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607968

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Copyright © 2021 Wei, Liao, Wang, Wang and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunocytochemical characterization of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) orbital fibroblasts. Primary cultured GO orbital fibroblasts were stimulated with 3 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 48 h with or without a 1-h pretreatment with different concentrations of simvastatin (1, 5, 10 μM) (A) or ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (1, 10, 30 μM) (B). α-SMA expression was detected using immunofluorescence staining (green). The bar charts show mean data of relative fluorescence intensity of α-SMA presented as the fold of control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. S = simvastatin; Y = Y-27632.