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. 2021 Feb 1;11:607968. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607968

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of simvastatin and ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced signaling. (A) Primary cultured Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) orbital fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1 (3 ng/mL) for 48 h with or without a 1-h pretreatment with simvastatin (10 μM) or ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (30 μM). The expression and phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK were determined using western blot analysis. (B, C) The densities of ERK1/2 (B) and p38 (C) protein bands were quantified and normalized to β-actin. (D) GO orbital fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1 (3 ng/mL) for 30, 60, 120 min with or without a 1-h pretreatment with simvastatin (10 μM) or ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (30 μM). The expression and phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3, ERK1/2, and p38 were determined using western blot analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05.