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. 2021 Feb 12;9:e10799. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10799

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©2021 Marquina et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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Each mock community sample (A) was assigned to an ethanol concentration and experiment. In Experiment 1 (B), five tubes for each of eight ethanol concentrations (30, 50,70, 80, 90, 95, 97, and 99%) were subjected to Gentle or Vigorous shaking. Inn Experiment 2 (C), three tubes for each of two ethanol concentrations (70, 95%) were either carried by a walking or a running experimenter or sent by the Swedish national post service (PostNord) in two different parcels. In Experiment 3 (D), four tubes for each of two ethanol concentrations (70, 95%) were shaken under a Gentle regime after being either dried, frozen or left as control. After each treatment, the number of appendages lost by every individual was scored. In Experiment 4 (E), DNA was extracted from one individual of each species from every tube in treatment Gentle from Experiment 1, mixed with a known quantity of synthetic DNA, PCR amplified and sequenced, and the proportion between insect DNA and synthetic DNA calculated as a measure of DNA degradation. Image credits: Dave Angelini (http://phylopic.org/image/ed1b3f0f-2a19-4fc9-8525-bbfe50e28d1c/), Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license; T. Michael Keesey (http://phylopic.org/image/3010e744-6b06-4022-9ce6-354db93e99fe/), Public Domain Dedication 1.0 license; Ramiro Morales-Hojas (http://phylopic.org/image/48bcbd0d-a902-4be8-9acc-60a6fbfd5f8d/), Public Domain Dedication 1.0 license; Maxime Dahirel (digitisation), Kees van Achterberg et al. (doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e49017) (original publication) (http://phylopic.org/image/a7fd469a-3835-4ccf-a663-71a8b7817916/), Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license; collnell (http://phylopic.org/image/7252c46a-6bf1-42dd-ac5a-1018f404dfc8/, http://phylopic.org/image/7252c46a-6bf1-42dd-ac5a-1018f404dfc8/), Public Domain Dedication 1.0 license; T Michael Keesey (after Ponomarenko) (http://phylopic.org/image/27356f15-3cf8-47e8-ab41-71c6260b2724/), Public Domain Dedication 1.0 license.