Table 1. The effects of incubation temperature and substrate moisture on incubation duration, hatching success, hatchling malformation rates and survival rates in Mauremys reevesii.
| Incubation temperature (°C) | Substrate moisture | No. of fertilized eggs | Hatching success (%) | Malformation rate of hatchlings (%) | Survival rate of hatchlings (%) | Incubation duration (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | 1:0.5 | 19 | 73.7 (14/19) | 21.4 (3/14) | 35.7 (5/14) | 117.1 ± 2.4 (115.0∼121.0) |
| 1:0.9 | 22 | 81.8 (18/22) | 22.2 (4/18) | 66.7 (12/18) | 113.7 ± 3.9 (107.0∼119.0) | |
| 1:1.2 | 18 | 72.2 (13/18) | 23.1 (3/13) | 61.5 (8/13) | 113.7± 2.9 (109.0∼117.0) | |
| 26 | 1:0.5 | 19 | 100.0 (19/19) | 10.5 (2/19) | 94.7 (18/19) | 86.3 ± 3.2 (82.0∼92.0) |
| 1:0.9 | 16 | 87.5 (14/16) | 28.6 (4/14) | 92.9 (13/14) | 83.9 ± 2.5 (79.0∼88.0) | |
| 1:1.2 | 23 | 95.7 (22/23) | 13.6 (3/22) | 90.9 (20/22) | 84.8 ± 2.5 (80.0∼88.0) | |
| 29 | 1:0.5 | 20 | 80.0 (16/20) | 12.5 (2/16) | 100.0 (16/16) | 72.1 ± 1.8 (70.0∼75.0) |
| 1:0.9 | 27 | 85.2 (23/27) | 8.7 (2/23) | 100.0 (23/23) | 71.7 ± 2.4 (68.0∼75.0) | |
| 1:1.2 | 30 | 96.7 (29/30) | 3.4 (1/29) | 89.7 (26/29) | 68.9 ± 3.3 (63.0∼73.0) | |
| 32 | 1:0.5 | 27 | 48.1 (13/27) | 15.4 (2/13) | 92.3 (12/13) | 62.2 ± 2.4 (59.0∼66.0) |
| 1:0.9 | 26 | 53.8 (14/26) | 0 (0/14) | 85.7 (12/14) | 59.5 ± 2.4 (56.0∼63.0) | |
| 1:1.2 | 23 | 34.8 (8/23) | 12.5 (1/8) | 87.5 (7/8) | 60.0 ± 2.3 (56.0∼63.0) | |
| 35 | 1:0.5 | 23 | 0 (0/23) | − | − | − |
| 1:0.9 | 24 | 4.2 (1/24) | 100.0 (1/1) | 0 (0/1) | − | |
| 1:1.2 | 20 | 15.0 (3/20) | 100.0 (3/3) | 0 (0/3) | − |
Note:
“−” indicates no data. Survival rates of hatchlings were calculated at 12 months of age.