Table 2.
Category | Keywords | The Potential Relationship Between Coronavirus Pandemic and Herbs/Foods/Supplements | References |
---|---|---|---|
Herbs & Herbal Supplements | Acerola | It has the high content of ascorbic acid and phytonutrients. | Parakash and Baskaran, 2018 |
Andrographis | Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata has been defined as a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-COV-2. | Enmozhi et al., 2020 | |
Astragalus | It has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. | Yang et al., 2020 | |
Cinchona | Quinine which derived from the cinchona bark, is highly effective against the malaria and the efficacy of the chloroquine on the coronavirus has been discussed. | Touret and de Lamballerie, 2020 | |
Echinacea | Echinacea is a source of potent antivirals for respiratory virus infections. Therefore, it was hypothesized that it can be antiviral agent for the coronavirus. | Hensel et al., 2020 | |
Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra) | Elderberry is known as an immune supporting herb and the polyphenols of Sambucus have antiviral activity. | Weng et al., 2019 | |
Goldenseal | Goldenseal has potential role in immune-modulatory effect. | Clement-Kruzel et al, 2008 | |
Mullein | Mullein uses for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, asthma, coughs, diarrhea and other pulmonary problems. | Turker and Camper, 2002 | |
Oregano Oil | It has antiviral efficacy against human norovirus. | Gilling et al, 2014 | |
Vitamins & Minerals | Niacinamide | B vitamins supplementation can play role in strong immune system. | Villaruz-Sulit and Cabaluna, 2020 |
Vitamin A | Retinoids have strength immunomodulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. | Trasino, 2020 | |
Vitamin C | It was hypothesized that high dose intravenous Vitamin C can be beneficial for coronavirus patients in the early period. | Carr, 2020; Wilkinson, 2020. |
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Vitamin D | Vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and coronavirus infections related deaths. | Grant et al, 2020 | |
Zinc | Zinc level has a critical importance for the antiviral immune response. | Read et al., 2019 | |
Other Supplements | Beta Glucan | Beta glucan extracts have in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects. | Murphy et al, 2020 |
Monolaurin | Coconut oil and its components such as monolaurin, have potential impacts and safe antiviral agents against the coronavirus infections. | Dayrit FM, Newport, MT, 2020 | |
Quercetin | Quercetin has health-improving effect, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity. It is also studied in an experimental, synergistic therapy with Vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19 | Colunga Biancatelli et al., 2020 |