Table 2.

Changes in substance use, harm reduction, health service and self-care access by substance use latent class among Project MIMIC Cohort 1 participants that completed the EPII questionnaire during COVID-19 pandemic.

	Overall probability	Baseline past 30 day substance use [mean (S.E.)]			Equality test of means
		Minimal use	Opioid use	Polysubstance use	Overall	Class 1 vs 2	Class 1 vs 3	Class 2 vs 3
Negative effects: Items added to assess access to substance use services
Difficulty accessing sterile needles	0.08	0.00 (0.00)	0.06 (0.05)	0.16 (0.06)	0.002	0.269	0.005	0.265
Difficulty accessing naloxone	0.07	0.00 (0.00)	0.07 (0.08)	0.11 (0.07)	0.007	0.396	0.095	0.737
Difficulty accessing preferred substance	0.19	0.00 (0.00)	0.19 (0.07)	0.30 (0.07)	<0.001	0.007	<0.001	0.308
Difficulty accessing recovery support	0.27	0.18 (0.09)	0.32 (0.08)	0.28 (0.07)	0.527	0.275	0.359	0.736
Negative effects: EPII items on substance use and medical care access
Increase in use of alcohol or substances	0.38	0.10 (0.08)	0.46 (0.08)	0.41 (0.08)	0.003	0.002	0.006	0.669
Unable to get needed medications	0.19	0.16 (0.07)	0.20 (0.07)	0.20 (0.06)	0.884	0.705	0.655	0.975
Got less routine medical care than usual	0.52	0.40 (0.09)	0.53 (0.09)	0.59 (0.08)	0.279	0.328	0.114	0.650
Unable to access medical care for a serious condition	0.08	0.13 (0.09)	0.04 (0.06)	0.07 (0.05)	0.806	0.543	0.554	0.777
Positive effects: Item added about take-home doses and EPII items on substance use and personal health
Greater access to take-home doses of MOUD	0.42	0.71 (0.75)	0.38 (0.14)	0.34 (0.08)	0.556	0.707	0.610	0.808
Less use of alcohol or substances	0.42	0.45 (0.12)	0.35 (0.08)	0.47 (0.08)	0.611	0.531	0.923	0.325
Paid more attention to personal health	0.65	0.56 (0.09)	0.76 (0.08)	0.64 (0.07)	0.211	0.080	0.493	0.281