Table 2.
Characteristics of Water-Related Investigations, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, CDC, United States, 2014–2017
| Characteristic | Investigations (n = 134),a,b No. (%) | Patients (n = 1,380), No. (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Organism | ||
| Achromobacter spp | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.1) |
| Acinetobacter baumanii | 8 (6.0) | 40 (2.9) |
| Aspergillus niger | 1 (0.7) | 22 (1.6) |
| Burkholderia spp | 14 (10.4) | 361 (26.2) |
| Candida parapsilosis | 1 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) |
| Chronobacter sakazakii | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) |
| CRE unspecified | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) |
| Elizabethkingia spp | 7 (5.2) | 31 (2.2) |
| Enterobacter spp | 11 (8.2) | 38 (2.8) |
| Klebsiella spp | 3 (2.2) | 35 (2.5) |
| Malassezia spp | 1 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) |
| Methylobacterium thiocyanatum | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) |
| Nontuberculous mycobacteria | 40 (29.9) | 549 (39.8) |
| Pseudomonas spp | 25 (18.7) | 152 (11.0) |
| Serratia spp | 6 (4.5) | 49 (3.6) |
| Stenotrophomonas spp | 1 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) |
| Multiple | 10 (7.5) | 85 (6.2) |
| Investigation characteristicsb,c | Investigations (n = 134), No. (%) | |
| Multidrug-resistant organisms | 45 (33.6) | |
| Pseudo-outbreak | 7 (5.2) | |
| Pediatric | 29 (21.6) | |
| Facility type | ||
| Inpatient | 94 (70.1) | |
| Outpatient | 26 (19.4) | |
| Long-term care | 20 (14.9) | |
| Dialysis | 7 (5.2) | |
| Surgery related | 24 (17.9) | |
| Medical product related | 48 (35.8) | |
| Devices | 40 (29.9) | |
| Medications | 13 (9.7) | |
| Intrinsic contamination | 10 (7.5) | |
| Extrinsic contamination | 4 (3.0) | |
a
2 investigations involved water-related infection control issues without an identified organism of concern or confirmed patient infection at the time of consultation with CDC/DHQP.
b
As described in the Methods section, multistate outbreak investigations were counted as a single consultation, such as the multistate investigation of Mycobacterium chimaera associated with contaminated heater-cooler devices.
c
Categories are not mutually exclusive.