Table1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population with different LDH level
| LDH level | < 203 | 203–392 | > 392 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters, n (%) | 2159 | 4223 | 2054 | |
| Age, years | 64.21 ± 16.73 | 64.77 ± 16.52 | 60.97 ± 17.62 | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.027 | |||
| Female | 902 (41.78%) | 1864 (44.14%) | 942 (45.86%) | |
| Male | 1257 (58.22%) | 2359 (55.86%) | 1112 (54.14%) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 1698 (74.48%) | 3056 (72.37%) | 1368 (66.60%) | |
| Black | 177 (8.20%) | 322 (7.62%) | 191 (9.30%) | |
| Other | 374 (17.32%) | 845 (20.01%) | 495 (24.10%) | |
| Length of ICU stay, days | 7.12 ± 8.11 | 8.63 ± 9.19 | 9.93 ± 10.08 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 86.14 (75.55–98.70) | 88.46 (78.03–100.43) | 92.27 (80.37–104.37) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 112.40 (104.09–123.04) | 113.98 (104.61–126.45) | 112.55 (103.88–125.29) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 57.60 (51.75–64.86) | 58.96 (52.58–66.42) | 60.83 (54.17–67.76) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressin use, n (%) | 159 (7.36%) | 431 (10.21%) | 336 (16.36%) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilator use, n (%) | 669 (30.99%) | 1803 (42.69%) | 1119 (54.48%) | < 0.001 |
| CRRT, n (%) | 56 (2.59%) | 139 (3.29%) | 183 (8.91%) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| White blood cell count, 109/L | 10.90 (7.60–15.10) | 11.40 (8.00–16.25) | 12.45 (8.50–17.90) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 196.00 (132.00–279.00) | 192.00 (130.00–269.50) | 180.00 (111.00–261.00) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.30 (9.00–11.80) | 10.50 (9.20–12.00) | 10.70 (9.20–12.30) | < 0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 20 (13–32) | 22 (15–35) | 23 (15–38) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L | 32 (26–37) | 31 (26–36) | 31 (26–35) | < 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.50 (0.30–0.90) | 0.60 (0.40–1.20) | 0.80 (0.50–1.70) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.30 (1.20–1.60) | 1.30 (1.20–1.70) | 1.40 (1.20–1.80) | < 0.001 |
| PO2, mmHg | 149.75 (102.00–216.28) | 145.67 (102.37–208.86) | 135.00 (97.00–190.32) | < 0.001 |
| PCO2, mmHg | 40.00 (35.75–44.75) | 39.79 (35.50–44.55) | 39.00 (34.29–43.78) | < 0.001 |
| Plasma lactate | 1.80 (1.25–2.70) | 2.00 (1.40–3.02) | 2.42 (1.57–4.10) | < 0.001 |
| Potassium concentration, mmol/L | 4.00 (3.60–4.50) | 4.10 (3.60–4.50) | 4.10 (3.70–4.60) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium concentration, mmol/L | 137 (135–141) | 138 (134–140) | 139 (137–143) | 0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1086 (50.30%) | 2041 (48.33%) | 866 (42.16%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary, n (%) | 517 (23.95%) | 1040 (24.63%) | 429 (20.89%) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 582 (26.96%) | 1152 (27.28%) | 440 (21.42%) | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 302 (13.99%) | 693 (16.41%) | 542 (26.39%) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 575 (26.63%) | 1034 (24.48%) | 509 (24.78%) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 302 (13.99%) | 693 (16.41%) | 542 (26.39%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 605 (28.02%) | 1525 (36.11%) | 747 (36.37%) | < 0.001 |
| AKI stage | < 0.001 | |||
| Stage 1 | 949 (43.98%) | 1727 (40.90%) | 728 (35.44%) | |
| Stage 2 | 859 (39.81%) | 1747 (41.37%) | 839 (40.85%) | |
| Stage 3 | 350 (16.22%) | 749 (17.74%) | 487 (23.71%) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score | 6.47 ± 6.89 | 6.78 ± 6.94 | 6.85 ± 6.88 | 0.133 |
| Scoring system | ||||
| SOFA | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–8) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001 |
| SAPSII | 37 (29–47) | 39 (31–48) | 41 (32–52) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 228 (10.56%) | 717 (16.98%) | 574 (27.95%) | < 0.001 |
CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, BUN blood urea nitrogen, INR international normalized ratio