Table 3.
Active Dose Range or Observed Effects in the Analysis of the Anti-Amnesic or Neuroprotective Effect of FENM in the Aβ 25–35 Mouse Model of AD
| Parameter | FENM | Memantine |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Anti-amnesia | ||
| Behavioral analysesa | ||
| Spontaneous alternation | 0.3–10 | 0.3 |
| Passive avoidance | 0.1–1 | 0.3 |
| Object recognition | 0.3–1 | 0.3–3 |
| Water-maze | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Topographic memory | ++ | − |
| Amnesic effect alone (SA, PA) | − | 10 |
| (b) Neuroprotection | ||
| Behavioral analysesa | ||
| Spontaneous alternation | 0.1–3 | 0.1–3 |
| Passive avoidance | 0.1–3 | 0.1–1 |
| Object recognition | 0.1–3 | 0.1–3 |
| Water-maze | 0.3 | − |
| Biochemical analysesb | ||
| Cyt C release | + | + |
| Lipid peroxidation | ++ | + |
| IL-6 ELISA | ++ | + |
| TNFα ELISA | + | + |
| Bax/Bcl2 ELISA | ++ | + |
| Morphological analysesb | ||
| Pyramidal cell loss (CV) | ++ | ++ |
| GFAP IHC—Rad | ++ | + |
| GFAP IHC—Mol | ++ | − |
| GFAP IHC—PoDG | ++ | + |
| GFAP IHC—Ctx | ++ | − |
| Iba1 IHC—Rad | ++ | + |
| Iba1 IHC—Ctx | ++ | − |
Abbreviations: −, no effect; +, attenuation; ++, prevention; CV, cresyl violet; Cyt c, cytochrome c; ELISA, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay; FENM, fluoroethylnormemantine; IHC, immunohistochemistry; Mol, molecular layer of the hippocampus; PA, passive avoidance; PoDG, polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus; Rad, stratum radiatum; SA, spontaneous alternation.
aActive dose range (in mg/kg i.p.).
bAll parameters tested at the active dose of 0.3 mg/kg i.p. − (not significant vs Aβ 25–35 +V group). + (not significant vs V+V group but not significant vs Aβ 25–35+V group). ++ (significant vs Aβ 25–35+V group).