Table 3.

Mapping game element for positive effect for each personality

	Positive effect	Suggest for complicate gamification design.
Extraversion	Points, Levels, and Leaderboards	Leaderboard may have high engagement for higher levels but custom Leaderboard for average students should be implemented, for example friend circle or similar score.
Neuroticism	No effective	Gamification may not be effective for neuroticism.
Conscientiousness	Levels, progress	Personality traits may not have a high effect on higher levels preference for gamification designers.
Agreeableness	Challenges	Personality traits may not have a high effect on higher levels preference for gamification designers.
Imagination/Openness	Avatars	To appeal to student with higher levels of imagination, applying Avatar in a conventional way should be avoided.