Table 2.
CHIKV vaccine candidates in clinical development
| Vaccine name | Developer | Type | Current stage of testing (clinicaltrials.gov identifier) | Refer- ence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSI-GSD-218 (181/clone25) | US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland |
Live-attenuated CHIKV strain (r.d.: 1). Attenuation determined by two amino acid substitutions in the E2 glycoprotein, generated by repeated in vitro passaging |
Completed phase 2 Project terminated due to safety concerns |
[80–82] |
| VLA1553 | Valneva, Austria |
Live-attenuated CHIKV with nsP3 deletion (r.d.: 1) |
Recruiting for prospective, randomised, double-blinded, multicenter, pivotal clinical study evaluating the final dose of VLA1553 (phase 3) (NCT04546724) | [118–120] |
| BBV87 | Bharat Biotech (BBIL) | inactivated whole virion vaccine based on a strain derived from an East, Central, South African (ECSA) genotype | Completed phase 1 (Clinical Trial Registry India, CTRI/2017/02/007,755); not yet recruiting for phase 2 and 3 trials (NCT04566484) | [121, 122] |
|
VRC-CHKVLP059-00-VP (primary label), also called: PXVX0317 CHIKV-VLP |
US National Institutes of Health, PaxVax | VLPs assembled from CHIKV proteins expressed in mammalian cells (r.d.:2) |
Completed phase 2 (NCT02562482, NCT01489358, NCT03483961) Recruiting for phase 2 open-label study (NCTNCT03992872) |
[123, 124] |
| CHIKV/IRES | University of Texas Medical Branch, Takeda Pharmaceuticals | Recombinant CHIKV with internal ribosome entry site to downregulate structural proteins (r.d.: 1) | Projected for clinical studies | [28, 125, 126] |
| MV-CHIK | Institute Pasteur, Themis Bioscience | Recombinant live-attenuated measles vaccine expressing CHIKV VLPs derived from the structural protein genes (r.d.: 2) |
Phase 2 |
[127–129] |
| ChAdOx1 Chik | University of Oxford | replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector expressing CHIKV antigens |
Phase 1 |
[130] |
|
VAL-181388 mRNA-1388 |
Moderna Therapeutics Inc | mRNA encoding the CHIKV structural proteins |
Active, not recruiting for phase 1 |
[131, 132] |
| mRNA-1944 | Moderna Therapeutics Inc | mRNA encoding Chikungunya antibody (CHKV-24) |
Active, recruiting for phase 1 |
[133, 134] |
CHIKV chikungunya virus; IRES internal ribosome entry site; MV measle virus; nsP3, non-structural protein 3; r.d. required/tested dose; VLP virus-like particle