Table 2.

Descriptions and values of model parameters

Parameters	Description	Value (range)	Source
$I_1^{\mathrm{peak}}$	Peak limit of COVID-19	[104,105]	Assumed
$I_2^{\mathrm{peak}}$	Peak limit of cholera	[105,5 × 105]	Assumed
$u_1(t)$	Time-dynamic function to measure the social distancing rate	[0.05,0.5]	[17]
$u_2(t)$	Time-dynamic function to measure the quarantining rate	[0.01,0.3]	[17]
$u_3(t)$	Time-dynamic function to measure the testing rate	[0.1,0.3]	[17]
$u_4(t)$	Time-dynamic function to measure the fraction of susceptible individuals who have access to CWT for water purification	[0.2,1]	[10]
$t_{\mathrm{latent}}^{-1}$	Latent period of the virus	0.5 days−1	[17]
${\alpha }_c(t)$	Direct transmission rate of cholera	$5.5e^{-7}$	[11]
β	Indirect transmission rate of cholera	0.02325/week	Estimated
$K_B$	Half saturation constant	106 (cell/ml)	[11]
${\mu }_1$	Susceptible to COVID-19 after recovering	0,	[17]
${\mu }_2$	Susceptible to cholera after recovering	0.0003/week,	[11]
${\mu }_{12}$	Susceptible to both COVID-19 and cholera after recovering	0	Assumed
ρ	Infectious period for subjects with unconfirmed infections	0.1 days−1	[17]
${\delta }_1$	Infection rate with cholera from COVID-19 patient	0	Estimated
${\beta }_1$, ${\beta }_2$	Recovery rate from COVID-19 and cholera	0.005, 1.5	Estimated
${\lambda }_1$	Infected rate of cholera after recovery from COVID-19	0	Estimated
${\upsilon }_1$	Recovery rate from COVID-19 and cholera sequentially	0	Estimated
${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_2$, ${\omega }_{12}$	Death rate by COVID-19, cholera, and both	0.0447, 0.0002, 0	Estimated
${\alpha }_{12}$	Infected rate by both cholera and COVID-19 simultaneously	0	Estimated
${\delta }_2$	Infected rate with COVID-19 from cholera patient.	0	Estimated
ξ	Shedding rate (infected)	70 (cell/ml week−1 person−1)	[11]
τ	Bacteria death rate	0.233 /week	[11]
${\lambda }_2$	Infected rate by COVID-19 after recovering from cholera	0	Estimated
${\upsilon }_2$	Recovery rate from cholera and COVID-19 sequentially	0	Estimated
${\upsilon }_{12}$	Recovery rate from both COVID-19 and cholera simultaneously	0	Estimated
k	Bacteria carrying capacity	$K_B/2$	[11]
b	Allee threshold when τ = 0	$K_B/10$	[11]
r	Bacterial intrinsic growth rate	1	[11]
Λ	A constant rate of the total population	0.3	Assumed