. 2020 Nov 24;28(2):414–423. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa282

Table 2.

Meta-analysis results of the effects of technology-supported exercise programs

Outcome	Number of RCTs	Sample Size	SMD (95% CI)	P Value	I ² (%)	Egger’s Regression Test		Quality of Evidence (GRADE)
Outcome	Number of RCTs	Sample Size	SMD (95% CI)	P Value	I ² (%)	t Value	P Value	Quality of Evidence (GRADE)
Knee pain^a	10	1335	−0.29 (−0.48 to −0.10)	.003	62	1.20	.26	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate^b
Physical function^c	11	1390	0.22 (0 to 0.43)	.053	73	0.33	.75	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate^b
Quality of life^c	8	727	0.25 (0.04 to 0.46)	.02	45	0.72	.50	⊕⊕⊕⊕ High

CI: confidence interval; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SMD: standardized mean difference.

A negative difference favors the intervention group (which had technology-supported exercise programs applied), while a positive difference favors the control group.

Downgraded for substantial heterogeneity (I² > 50%).

A positive difference favors the intervention group (which had technology-supported exercise programs applied), while a negative difference favors the control group.