Table 3.

Relationships of telehealth use score, organizational characteristics (bed size, location, ownership), and survey period

Dependent variable	Independent variable	Parameter estimate	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Telehealth for evaluation of residents and pretransfer arrangements	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	−0.02	0.98 (0.60-1.62)	.95
	>120	−0.51	0.60 (0.31-1.17)	.14
	Location
	Metro	0.12	1.13 (0.50-2.58)	.77
	Micro	0.52	1.69 (0.65-4.40)	.29
	Small town	0.12	1.13 (0.42-3.01)	.81
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	0.35	1.42 (0.90-2.25)	.13
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	2.42	11.24 (7.21-17.53)	<.01
Telehealth for transmission of diagnostic images and/or consultations and second opinions	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	0.18	1.20 (0.75-1.92)	.44
	>120	−0.15	0.86 (0.48-1.55)	.61
	Location
	Metro	−0.30	0.43 (0.36-1.53)	.42
	Micro	0.07	1.07 (0.45-2.58)	.87
	Small town	−0.44	0.64 (0.28-1.50)	.31
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	0.23	1.25 (0.82-1.92)	.30
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	1.46	4.30 (2.85-6.51)	<.01
Electronic reporting of laboratory test results to nursing home	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	0.62	1.85 (1.15-2.97)	.01
	>120	1.06	2.89 (1.55-5.38)	<.01
	Location
	Metro	1.24	3.44 (1.71-6.91)	<.01
	Micro	0.83	2.30 (1.04-5.11)	.04
	Small town	0.57	1.76 (0.77-4.00)	.18
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	−0.27	0.77 (0.48-1.21)	.25
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	0.17	1.19 (0.77, 1.83)	.44
Electronic transmission and reception of laboratory results for interpretation (eg, pathology)	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	0.61	1.83 (1.21-2.78)	<.01
	>120	0.74	2.10 (1.26-3.52)	<.01
	Location
	Metro	1.16	3.19 (1.72-5.92)	<.01
	Micro	0.52	1.69 (0.84-3.40)	.14
	Small town	0.33	1.39 (0.67-2.86)	.38
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	−0.38	0.68 (0.47-0.99)	.05
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	0.23	1.26 (0.87, 1.82)	.22
Telehealth for results capturing and interpretation by radiologists	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	0.22	1.25 (0.75-2.07)	.40
	>120	0.19	1.21 (0.65-2.25)	.56
	Location
	Metro	1.05	2.86 (1.25-6.50)	.01
	Micro	0.89	2.45 (0.93-6.40)	.07
	Small town	1.08	2.95 (1.14-7.66)	.03
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	0.11	1.12 (0.73-1.72)	.60
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	1.06	2.89 (1.89-4.42)	<.01
Remote order entry for medications from locations outside of nursing home (eg, MD access from home, office, or clinic)	Bed size
	<60	Ref	Ref	Ref
	60-120	0.77	2.16 (1.36-3.42)	<.01
	>120	0.70	2.02 (1.15-3.54)	.01
	Location
	Metro	0.45	1.56 (0.82-2.98)	.17
	Micro	0.21	1.23 (0.58-2.62)	.59
	Small town	0.01	1.01 (0.45-2.24)	.98
	Rural	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Ownership
	For profit	−0.05	0.95 (0.63-1.43)	.81
	Nonprofit	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Survey period
	Pre–telehealth expansion	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Post–telehealth expansion	0.34	1.41 (0.95-2.10)	.09

CI, confidence interval; Ref, Reference Variable.