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. 2021 Jan 28;20(2):e13312. doi: 10.1111/acel.13312

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Young muscle produces a robust and transient inflammatory response that is impaired with age. (a) Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in uninjured muscle and at 3‐ and 10 days post‐CTX injury in young (3‐month‐old) and old (20‐month‐old) mice. Uninjured (control) flow cytometry data are derived from Figure 1K and Figure S2. Control n = 6, 3D CTX n = 7, 10D CTX n = 5. Representative images of immune cell infiltration in young and old mice at 3 days post‐CTX using H&E (b) or immunofluorescent staining (c) for CD45 (red) and laminin (white). Scale = 20 µm. (d) Gene expression analysis of cytokines in the TA muscles of young and old mice at 3 and 10 days post‐CTX injury. The qRT‐PCR data are reported as relative to housekeeping gene, Hprt (n = 4). Protein quantification of IL‐10 (e) or IL‐1β (f) in young and old mice at 3D post‐CTX (n = 3–4). (g) The percentage and (h) cell number of CD206+ M2 macrophages at baseline or 3D post‐CTX. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. All analyses were done using an unpaired t test or two‐way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. TA, Tibialis anterior; CTX, Cardiotoxin; Con, Control