TABLE 1 |.

Literature search overview.

	Database search	Snowball method
Time period	2011–2018	1996–2018
Language	English only	English only
Location	U.S. focus	U.S. focus
Sources	PubMed Web of Science (includes Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes for Science and Social Science & Humanities) PsyclNFO Communication Source	Reference lists of relevant published articles Colleagues with subject matter expertise
Keywords (first level)	[“message framing” or “priming” or “targeting” or “health message” or “health communication” or “health information” or “public service announcement” or “campaign”] AND [“health disparities*” or “racial disparities*” or “health equity*” or “racial stigma*” or “stigma* or “stereotype” or “intergroup differences”] OR [“health risk estimates*” or “health risk*” or “risk*”] OR [“perceived susceptibility*” or “perceived risk*”]; AND	Not applicable
Keywords (second level)	[“Black” or “African American”] or [“Hispanic” or “Latino”] OR [“MSM” or “men who have sex with men”] OR [“homosexual” or “gay” or “bisexual”] OR [“transgender” or “transsexual”] OR [“minority”] or [sexual minority or gender minority]; OR	Not applicable
Keywords (third level)	[“unintended effects” or “unintended consequences” or “iatrogenic effects”] OR [“ethical considerations”]	Not applicable
Publications and other documents worthy of full-text review	39	50
Excluded because of a lack of relevant information	19	27
Total publications and other documents reviewed	20	23