TABLE 3.

Current Indications of Available Stimulation Paradigms According to the Tumor Location (and Circuits) To Be Investigated and Anesthesia Regimen Used

		Awake condition
Asleep condition		Resting condition		During a motor task execution
Premotor and parietal tumors
HF	LF	HF	LF	HF	LF
Effective limited risk of negativemapping	To consider risk of negative mapping	Efficacy and risk as for asleep condition	Efficacy and risk as for asleep condition	Effective (repetition rate increased to 3 Hz)	Effective working current established on vPM
M1 and M1 originating fibers
HF	LF	HF	LF	HF	LF
Effective (change in pulses number andwidth possibly needed). Very limitedrisk of negative mapping.	Poorly effective high risk of negative mapping. Increased risk of intraoperative seizures.	Efficacy and risk as for asleep condition	Efficacy and risk as for asleep condition	Limited data	Limited data
Informative on distance from M1 fibers (1 mA = 1 mm rule)		Informative on distance from M1 fibers (1 mA = 1 mm rule)
Increased risk of postoperative apraxia (damage to SLFIII)		Increased risk of intraoperative seizure

The efficacy and the limitations or risk for each condition is reported.