. 2021 Feb 5;2021:6611897. doi: 10.1155/2021/6611897

Table 3.

Analysis of serum cytokines in the study groups.

	MS cases (N = 122)	MS/cannabis (N = 28)	Control (N = 150)	p value
IL-1 (pg/ml)	27.6 ± 5.83	14.16 ± 3.26	4.29 ± 1.13	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					0.001^e
IL-2 (pg/ml)	29.77 ± 6.19	17.43 ± 4.98	5.32 ± 2.28	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-4 (pg/ml)	10.2 ± 3.28	13.29 ± 3.79	16.88 ± 4.15	0.021^a	0.128^c
					0.005^d
					0.075^e
IL-6 (pg/ml)	44.85 ± 9.22	21.15 ± 5.38	9.35 ± 3.29	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-10 (pg/ml)	15.44 ± 3.87	27.11 ± 6.49	36.59 ± 7.14	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-12 (pg/ml)	96.15 ± 19.37	53.88 ± 13.23	40.47 ± 10.70	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-17 (pg/ml)	23.74 ± 5.33	12.82 ± 3.64	3.11 ± 0.75	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-22 (pg/ml)	30.45 ± 7.58	22.18 ± 5.87	6.17 ± 2.38	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
TNF (pg/ml)	43.63 ± 10.58	25.05 ± 7.49	12.13 ± 3.97	<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IFN-β1 (pg/ml)	11.42 ± 3.77	13.27 ± 3.25	14.07 ± 4.19	0.094^a	0.238^c
					0.054^d
					0.126^e
IFN-γ (pg/ml)	19.27 ± 5.33	15.24 ± 4.74	8.55 ± 3.19	0.005^a	0.048^c
					<0.001^d
					0.001^e

IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumor necrosis factor. ^aOne-way ANOVA test/Kruskal-Wallis test. ^cComparison between MS cases and MS cases (chronic cannabis users). ^dComparison between MS cases and controls. ^eComparison between MS cases (chronic cannabis users) and controls.