Table 1.

The Clinical Characteristics of Renal Function and Retinal Vascular Metrics in Different Grades of DR

Characteristics	No DR (n = 75)	Mild NPDR (n = 40)	Moderate NPDR (n = 128)	Severe NPDR (n = 71)	PDR (n = 104)	Coefficient (95% CI)	P Value (ANOVA)
Age (years)	51.77 ± 14.28	48.82 ± 11.13	54.0 ± 13.92	53.63 ± 13.3	48.71 ± 18.88	–0.05 (–0.14 to 0.05)	0.07
Sex (male:female)	39:36	24:16	85:43	51:20	73:31	0.14 (–0.04 to 0.31)	0.06
UMAlb (mg/L)	113.75 ± 517.5	27.96 ± 39.85	559.66 ± 1349.19	871.16 ± 1937.81	3423.0 ± 13967.76	0.11 (–0.10 to 0.32)	0.06
UCr (mmol/L)	11.13 ± 7.5	8.83 ± 6.55	13.14 ± 11.02	11.19 ± 7.77	11.98 ± 7.39	0.04 (–0.08 to 0.17)	0.36
ACR (mg/g)	132.81 ± 631.22	40.18 ± 54.13	527.94 ± 1466.33	865.5 ± 2021.56)	1278.38 ± 2100.34	0.26 (0.13 to 0.37)	<0.001
Blood urea (mmol/L)	6.04 ± 1.6	5.37 ± 1.41	6.96 ± 3.39	7.06 ± 2.89	17.68 ± 90.19	0.08 (–0.02 to 0.18)	0.42
UA (µmol /L)	321.68 ± 85.82	303.56 ± 95.61	332.35 ± 94.22	325.09 ± 99.46	372.1 ± 142.08	0.15 (0.05 to 0.25)	0.01
Cr (µmol/L)	71.24 ± 18.46	61.89 ± 12.52	82.58 ± 37.98	112.51 ± 160.28	123.31 ± 147.66	0.13 (0.02 to 0.23)	0.02
Alb (g/L)	44.83 ± 4.88	45.17 ± 3.62	44.61 ± 4.56	42.92 ± 4.75	42.02 ± 6.04	–0.21 (–0.31 to –0.11)	<0.001
eGFR	95.14 ± 18.76	106.75 ± 10.63	90.41 ± 26.06	87.28 ± 30.43	78.09 ± 33.28	–0.20 (–0.30 to –0.10)	<0.001
Df	1.4 ± 0.04	1.38 ± 0.07	1.34 ± 0.07	1.27 ± 0.13	1.11 ± 0.19	–0.62 (–0.68 to –0.56)	<0.001
CRAE	334.92 ± 51.82	330.24 ± 91.45	348.85 ± 84.75	217.69 ± 43.26	214.81 ± 43.97	–0.43 (–0.56 to –0.27)	<0.001
CRVE	416.03 ± 42.97	418.34 ± 71.63	449.04 ± 73.0	343.0 ± 51.51	353.04 ± 44.6	–0.26 (–0.42 to –0.09)	0.004
AVR	0.82 ± 0.10	0.78 ± 0.11	0.79 ± 0.15	0.65 ± 0.1	0.62 ± 0.11	–0.44 (–0.57 to –0.28)	<0.001

ACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; Alb, albumin; ANOVA analysis of variance; Cr, creatinine.