Table 3.

List of studies examining gray matter indices, indicating significant differences between groups either at baseline (BL) or a significant group x time interaction.

Dataset	References	BL: HR vs. HV	Time: HR vs. HV	Time: CHR-T vs. CHR-NT	BL: Predict Transition	Significant brain regions for HR vs. HV over time											Significant brain regions for CHR-T vs. CHR-NT over time
						Whole brain	Frontal	ACC	Temporal	Parietal	Occipital	Thalamus	Amygdala	Basal Ganglia	Cerebellum	Ventricle	Whole brain	Frontal	Insula	ACC	Temporal	Parietal	Occipital	Nucleus Accumbens	Cerebellum	Ventricle
Toho University	Katagiri et al. (15)	NA	NA	NA
ADAPT	Damme et al. (16)			NA	NA
NAPLS	Cannon et al. (17)	NA	NA															↓ CT								↑ Vol
	Chung et al. (18)	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Chung et al. (19)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Singapore	Ho et al. (20)	NA	NA																		↓ Vol
NIMH COS Study	Gogtay et al. (21)			NA	NA		↓ CT		↓ CT	↓ CT
	Mattai et al. (22)			NA	NA		↓ CT		↓ CT	↓ CT
	Zalesky et al. (23)	NA		NA	NA				↓ Con		↓ Con
	Greenstein et al. (24)			NA	NA										↓ Vol
	Mattai (25)			NA	NA
Sibling pair, Utrecht	Brans et al. (26)	NA		NA	NA
Twin pair, Utrecht	Hedman et al. (27)	NA		NA	NA	↓ CT			↓ CT
Dutch Prediction Psychosis	Ziermans et al. (28)								↓ CT								↓ Vol			↓ CT	↓ CT	↓ CT	↓ CT
	de Wit et al. (29)	NA			NA	↔ SA	↔ SA ↑ Vol	↓ SA	↓ Vol ↓ CT	↔ SA ↓ GI	↓ SA ↓ GI ↓ Vol	↓ Vol				↑ Vol	↓ CT* SA*	↓ Vol*↓ CT* ↓ SA		↓ Vol ↑ GI	↓ Vol*↓ CT*↔ CT	↓ Vol*↓ CT*		↓ Vol*		↑ Vol
Edinburgh High Risk Study	Lawrie et al. (30)				NA																↓ Vol
	Job et al. (31)	NA	Effect of time	Effect of time	NA			↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↓ Vol					↓ Vol
	Mcintosh et al. (32)					↓ Vol	↓ Vol		↓ Vol									↓ Vol
	Bois et al. (33)					↓ CT, ↔ SA	↓ CT	↓ CT			↔ CT
	Bois et al. (34)	NA			NA				↔ Vol
Edinburgh Study of Comorbidity	Moorhead et al. (35)	NA		NA	NA				↓ Vol				↓ Vol
	McKechanie et al. (36)	NA	NA	NA	NA
FEPSY project	Walter et al. (37)	NA	NA
	Walter et al. (38)	NA	NA		NA
	Borgwardt et al. (39)	NA	NA															↓ Vol			↓ Vol	↓ Vol			↓ Vol
OASIS	Fusar-Poli et al. (40)		Effect of time	Effect of time			↑↓ Vol	↑ Vol						↓ Vol	↑ Vol						↓ Vol
PACE	Pantelis et al. (41)	NA	NA	Effect of time														↓ Vol		↓ Vol	↓ Vol		↑ Vol		↓ Vol
	Sun et al. (42)	NA	NA		NA													↓ SA
	Takahashi et al. (43)	NA	NA																		↓ Vol
	Takahashi et al. (44)	NA	NA																↓ Vol
Ludwig Maximilians	Koutsouleris et al. (45)	NA					↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↓ Vol			↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↑ Vol				↓ Vol		↓ Vol				↑ Vol
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic	Bhojraj et al. (46)	NA		NA	NA				↓ SA
	Bhojraj et al. (47)			NA			↓ Vol	↓ Vol	↓ Vol
	Prasad et al. (48)			NA	NA	↓ SA	↓ SA, ↓ Vol, ↑ CT		↓ Vol, ↑ CT	↓ Vol, ↑ CT	↓ SA, ↓ Vol
IMAGEN	Yu et al. (49)	NA		NA	NA				↔ Vol
Dublin & Kildare	Calvo et al. (50)		Effect of group	NA	NA				↓ Vol*
Barcelona	Sugranyes et al. (51)			NA	NA	↔ SA
	Sugranyes et al. (52)	NA	NA														↓ CT ↓ SA* NT vs. HV: ↔ SA+Vol						↓ CT
TOTAL:		9/14	20/24	15/19	9/15	6	9	6	16	6	4	1	1	2	4	2	3	6	1	4	9	4	3	1	3	3
		BL: HR vs. HV	Time: HR vs. HV	Time: CHR-T vs. CHR-NT	BL: Predict Transition	Whole brain	Frontal	ACC	Temporal	Parietal	Occipital	Thalamus	Amygdala	Basal Ganglia	Cerebellum	Ventricle	Whole brain	Frontal	Insula	ACC	Temporal	Parietal	Occipital	Nucleus Accumbens	Cerebellum	Ventricle

Arrows indicate altered trajectories between groups in specified brain region, ↓ indicate a decrease in the HR or CHR-T group compared to HV or CHR-NT respectively, ↑ indicate an increase and ↔ indicate no change over time in HR whereas an increase/decrease is seen in HV. HR, high risk; HV, healthy volunteer; CHR-T, clinical high risk transition; CHR-NT, no transition; ACC, Anterior cingulate cortex; NA, Not Applicable (for example studies examine other contrasts such as medicated vs. unmedicated); CT, cortical thickness; Vol, gray matter volume; Conn, structural connectivity; SA, surface area; GI, gyrification.

^*volume was lower in HR vs. HV at both timepoints but there was no group × time interaction.