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. 2021 Jan 2;48(1):395–403. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-06061-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Evaluation of lumen formation in the 5-lane assay. a Bright-field views of lane #3 on day 7 showing vascular network formation of HUVECs (upper: Lane #2-#3 boundary, lower lane #3-#4 boundary) (scale bar = 200 μm). The corresponding views of three-dimensional reconstructed fluorescent images revealing luminal structures. b Z-stack and orthogonal views from the confocal microscope demonstrating luminal structures penetrating through lane #3 (⋆). c Time-lapse images after injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran into lane #2 showing immediate perfusion to lane #4 through the luminal structure of HUVECs. The elapsed times (ms) after injection are shown for each photo (scale bar = 200 μm). d High magnification (× 20) Z-stack and orthogonal views from the confocal microscope after perfusion showing dextran filling lumens (Left: RFP-HUVEC, right: FITC-dextran)