Fig. 2.

Schematic architecture of neural systems supporting action selection, response capture, and selective action suppression. The thalamus releases activation into the motor system, but is kept under tonic inhibition by the output of the basal ganglia until it is disinhibited by signals from the prefrontal cortex, that reach the thalamus via direct, indirect, or hyperdirect routes through the basal ganglia. Green arrows denote the direct route; orange arrows denote the indirect route; red arrows denote the hyperdirect route (see main text). SMA = supplementary motor area; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; IFC = inferior frontal cortex; GPe = globus pallidus pars externa; GPi = globus pallidus pars interna; STN = subthalamic nucleus; M1 = primary motor cortex. (Color figure online)