Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hemodialysis participants with and without overt cardiovascular comorbidities (coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease).
| With cardiovascular comorbidities (n = 79) | Without cardiovascular comorbidities (n = 254) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3 (11.1) | 58.4 (11.6) | 0.008 |
| Male | 45 (57.0) | 132 (52.0) | 0.437 |
| Hemodialysis duration (years) | 6.5 (5.14) | 6.8 (5.81) | 0.747 |
| Cause of ESRD | |||
| Hypertension | 9 (11.4) | 27 (10.6) | 0.849 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 (44.3) | 83 (32.7) | 0.059 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 23 (29.1) | 95 (37.4) | 0.179 |
| Othersa | 12 (15.2) | 49 (19.3) | 0.410 |
| Arteriovenous shunt | |||
| Arteriovenous fistula | 65 (82.3) | 226 (89.0) | 0.117 |
| Arteriovenous graft | 14 (17.7) | 28 (11.0) | 0.117 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 42 (53.2) | 103 (40.6) | 0.048 |
| Hypertension | 70 (88.6) | 188 (74.0) | 0.007 |
| Dyslipidemia | 40 (50.6) | 88 (34.6) | 0.011 |
| Medications | |||
| Antiplatelets/Warfarin | 53 (67.1) | 42 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 50 (64.1) | 106 (41.9) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes treatment drugs | 36 (46.2) | 75 (29.6) | 0.007 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Ionized calcium (mg/dL) | 4.7 (0.4) | 4.6 (0.5) | 0.651 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) | 0.975 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.7 (6.6) | 1.9 (3.1) | 0.001 |
| Total (Kt/V) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.3) | 0.860 |
| Uremic toxins | |||
| Free form indoxyl sulfate (μg/mL) | 1.9 (1.9) | 1.9 (3.0) | 0.984 |
| Free form p-cresyl sulfate (μg/mL) | 1.6 (2.0) | 1.3 (1.7) | 0.163 |
aOther causes of end-stage renal disease include polycystic kidney disease, tumor, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, interstitial nephritis.