Table 1.
Relapse-free survival in stage I–III colorectal cancer and associations of clinicopathological features with GMS in patients from the validation cohort (n = 862).
| Clinicopathological characteristics | Disease-free survival | Relapse-free survival | GMS category | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%)a | Univariate HR (95% CI) | P | Multivariate HR (95% CI) | P | Univariate HR (95% CI) | P | Multivariate HR (95% CI) | P | 0 (n = 300) N (%)a |
1 (n = 424) N (%) |
2 (n = 138) N (%) |
Pearson X2 | ||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤64 | 245 (28) | 80 | (27) | 111 | (26) | 54 | (39) | 0.04 | ||||||||
| 65–74 | 276 (32) | 98 | (33) | 138 | (33) | 40 | (29) | |||||||||
| ≥75 | 341 (40) | 1.66 (1.48–1.86) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.51–1.95) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.95–1.28) | 0.20 | – | – | 122 | (41) | 175 | (41) | 44 | (32) | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 419 (49) | 151 | (50) | 207 | (49) | 61 | (44) | 0.27 | ||||||||
| Male | 443 (51) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 0.18 | – | – | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | 0.24 | – | – | 149 | (50) | 217 | (51) | 77 | (56) | |
| Presentation | ||||||||||||||||
| Elective | 686 (80) | 260 | (87) | 319 | (75) | 107 | (78) | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Emergency | 175 (20) | 1.55 (1.27–1.89) | <0.001 | – | 0.17 | 1.94 (1.49–2.53) | <0.001 | – | 0.10 | 39 | (13) | 105 | (25) | 31 | (22) | |
| TNM | ||||||||||||||||
| I–II (low risk) | 499 (58) | 201 | (67) | 244 | (58) | 54 | (39) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| II–III (high risk) | 363 (42) | 1.58 (1.33–1.87) | <0.001b | – | – | 3.02 (2.36–3.87) | <0.001b | – | – | 99 | (33) | 180 | (42) | 84 | (61) | |
| T-stage | ||||||||||||||||
| T1 | 42 (5) | 28 | (9) | 13 | (3) | 1 | (1) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| T2 | 113 (13) | 65 | (22) | 39 | (9) | 9 | (7) | |||||||||
| T3 | 488 (57) | 150 | (50) | 260 | (61) | 78 | (56) | |||||||||
| T4a | 179 (20) | 43 | (14) | 93 | (22) | 43 | (31) | |||||||||
| T4b | 40 (5) | 1.30 (1.15–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) | 0.003 | 1.81 (1.51–2.16) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.17–1.82) | 0.001 | 14 | (5) | 19 | (5) | 7 | (6) | |
| N-stage | ||||||||||||||||
| N0 | 556 (65) | 217 | (73) | 272 | (64) | 67 | (49) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| N1 | 218 (25) | 66 | (22) | 105 | (25) | 47 | (34) | |||||||||
| N2 | 84 (10) | 1.38 (1.22–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.14–1.51) | <0.001 | 1.96 (1.68–2.30) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.32–1.90) | <0.001 | 16 | (5) | 45 | (11) | 23 | (17) | |
| Site | ||||||||||||||||
| Colon | 650 (75) | 206 | (69) | 345 | (81) | 99 | (72) | 0.08 | ||||||||
| Rectum | 212 (25) | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.44 | – | – | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | 0.78 | 94 | (31) | 79 | (19) | 39 | (28) | |||
| Differentiation | ||||||||||||||||
| Well/mod | 775 (90) | 271 | (90) | 379 | (89) | 125 | (91) | 0.95 | ||||||||
| Poor | 87 (10) | 1.36 (1.04–1.79) | 0.03 | – | 0.46 | 1.61 (1.13–2.30) | 0.01 | – | 0.87 | 29 | (10) | 45 | (11) | 13 | (9) | |
| Venous invasion | ||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 589 (68) | 226 | (75) | 290 | (69) | 73 | (53) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Present | 273 (32) | 1.38 (1.15–1.65) | <0.001 | – | 0.18 | 1.86 (1.46–2.37) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.01–1.76) | 0.04 | 74 | (25) | 134 | (31) | 65 | (47) | |
| Tumour budding | ||||||||||||||||
| Absent | 618 (72) | 219 | (73) | 304 | (72) | 95 | (69) | 0.39 | ||||||||
| Present | 244 (28) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 0.70 | – | – | 1.33 (1.03–1.71) | 0.03 | – | 0.15 | 81 | (27) | 120 | (28) | 43 | (31) | |
| KRAS status (n = 212) | ||||||||||||||||
| Wild-type | 111 (52) | 36 | (55) | 53 | (50) | 22 | (55) | 0.86 | ||||||||
| Mutant | 101 (48) | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) | 0.37 | – | – | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) | 0.71 | – | – | 29 | (45) | 54 | (50) | 18 | (45) | |
| BRAF status (n = 212) | ||||||||||||||||
| Wild-type | 182 (86) | 54 | (83) | 91 | (85) | 37 | (93) | 0.21 | ||||||||
| Mutant | 30 (14) | 1.03 (0.66–1.59) | 0.90 | – | – | 0.91 (0.51–1.64) | 0.76 | – | – | 11 | (17) | 16 | (15) | 3 | (7) | |
| MMR | ||||||||||||||||
| Proficient | 686 (82) | 230 | (78) | 342 | (83) | 114 | (84) | 0.10 | ||||||||
| Deficient | 155 (18) | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | 0.94 | – | – | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | 0.18 | – | – | 64 | (22) | 69 | (17) | 22 | (16) | |
| mGPS | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 386 (55) | 152 | (59) | 175 | (52) | 59 | (54) | 0.19 | ||||||||
| 1 | 201 (29) | 68 | (27) | 102 | (30) | 31 | (28) | |||||||||
| 2 | 115 (16) | 1.59 (1.40–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.34–1.73) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.43–1.99) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.34–1.90) | <0.001 | 37 | (14) | 59 | (18) | 19 | (17) | |
| GMS | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 300 (35) | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||
| 1 | 424 (49) | – | – | |||||||||||||
| 2 | 138 (16) | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | 0.001 | 1.24 (1.07–1.43) | 0.004 | 1.76 (1.48–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.26–1.86) | <0.001 | – | – | – | ||||
aPercentages rounded to nearest whole number and may not total 100%
bNot included in multivariate model as T-stage and N-stage included separately.
Emboldened values indicates p value < 0.05.