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. 2021 Feb 2;11:549179. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.549179

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Inhibition of purinergic signaling relieves acute pancreatitis. (A) caerulein (50 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected seven times hourly to induce mice acute pancreatitis. Apyrase (50 U/kg), PPADS (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the first injection of caerulein. Saline-treated mice were set as negative control (NC). Plasma was obtained at 1, 8, and 24 h after the first injection of caerulein, and ATP concentration was detected (n = 5 per group). (B) At 1, 8, and 24 h after caerulein exposure, serum amylase activity, pancreas wet/dry ratio, IL1-β mRNA expression, Cxcl1 mRNA expression, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were analyzed to evaluate inflammatory status (n = 5 per group). 2− δδ Ct value was used for comparisons of the fold change of mRNA expression to NC mice. (C) Pancreas tissues from each group were harvested at 8 h, stained with H&E and observed under a microscope (100×). Representative images were shown (n = 5 per group). Scale bar is 50 μm. Statistics were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-tests. *P< 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.