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. 2020 Jun 30;58(3):940–951. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04608-x

Table 3.

Physical properties of cookies

R1S1Sample Thickness (cm) Diameter (cm) Spread ratio Hardness (N) L* a* b*
R1S1 0.81 ± 0.02g 6.00 ± 0.01a 7.41 ± 0.02f 57.65 ± 1.92a 48.74 ± 0.64a 6.95 ± 0.61f 23.09 ± 0.05a
R1S2 0.83 ± 0.03e,f 5.77 ± 0.04d 6.95 ± 0.03h 57.58 ± 1.56d 50.16 ± 0.98b 6.53 ± 0.56e 23.38 ± 0.13a
R1S3 0.86 ± 0.03c 5.69 ± 0.03g 6.62 ± 0.04j 57.51 ± 3.55g 50.96 ± 0.74c 5.95 ± 0.13d 23.57 ± 0.14a
R2S1A1 0.82 ± 0.02f,g 5.90 ± 0.07b 7.19 ± 0.11d 57.70 ± 3.21b 49.98 ± 0.69b 6.59 ± 0.34e 23.99 ± 0.13b
R2S2A1 0.85 ± 0.01c,d 5.75 ± 0.06e 6.77 ± 0.04g 57.63 ± 3.50e 51.03 ± 0.49c 5.21 ± 0.03c 24.19 ± 0.08b
R2S3A1 0.88 ± 0.01b 5.67 ± 0.01h 6.44 ± 0.06ı 57.54 ± 0.87h 51.58 ± 1.81c 4.71 ± 0.64b 24.47 ± 0.09b
R3S1A2 0.83 ± 0.04e,f 5.89 ± 0.08c 7.09 ± 0.03c 57.78 ± 0.28b 52.36 ± 0.73d 5.38 ± 0.23c 25.09 ± 0.43c
R3S2A2 0.85 ± 0.03c,d 5.72 ± 0.02f 6.73 ± 0.05e 57.68 ± 3.44f 52.50 ± 0.40d 5.11 ± 0.47c 25.30 ± 0.32c,d
R3S3A2 0.97 ± 0.04d,e 5.65 ± 0.04ı 5.82 ± 0.08h 57.59 ± 3.10ı 52.74 ± 0.63d 4.17 ± 0.13a 25.72 ± 0.15d
R4S1A3 0.84 ± 0.03d,e 5.85 ± 0.04d 6.96 ± 0.04b 57.83 ± 1.09c 53.36 ± 0.95e 4.82 ± 0.25b 25.49 ± 0.43c
R4S2A3 0.86 ± 0.04d 5.70 ± 0.01g 6.63 ± 0.07d 57.71 ± 4.05g 53.60 ± 0.27e 4.77 ± 0.34b 25.81 ± 0.24d
R4S3A3 0.98 ± 0.03a 5.57 ± 0.02j 5.68 ± 0.04a 57.63 ± 1.51e 53.82 ± 0.77e 3.94 ± 0.03a 26.03 ± 0.17e

Mean values ± standard deviation with different superscript in the same colon are significantly different (p ≤ 0.01)

R1S1:100% rice flour, 0% stevia; R1S2: 100% rice flour, 25% stevia; R1S3: 100% rice flour, 50% stevia; R2S1A1: 90% rice flour, 10% almond flour, 0% stevia; R2S2A1: 90% rice flour, 10% almond flour, 25% stevia; R2S3A1: 90% rice flour, 10% almond flour, 50% stevia; R3S1A2: 80% rice flour, 20% almond flour, 0% stevia; R3S2A2: 80% rice flour, 20% almond flour, 25% stevia; R3S3A2: 80% rice flour, 20% almond flour, 50% stevia; R4S1A3: 70% rice flour, 30% almond flour, 0% stevia; R4S2A3: 70% rice flour, 30% almond flour, 25% stevia; R4S3A3: 70% rice flour, 30% almond flour, 50% stevia