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. 2021 Feb 15;12:1040. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21248-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Illustration of in vivo recording in the awake head-fixed condition. b Left, example image showing track of the recording electrode in SC (top) or TS (bottom). Scale bars, 200 µm. Middle, example single-unit response to a train of crescendo stimuli in SC (top) or TS (bottom). Each vertical line represents one spike. Grey column labels the duration of a sound stimulus. Superimposed individual spike waveforms and the average are shown in top insets (SC, n = 104 spikes; TS, n = 22 spikes). Right, corresponding PSTH. Dark and light-shaded colors represent spike rates during a sound stimulus (marked by grey column) and inter-stimulus intervals respectively. PAG periaqueductal gray. c Population average of evoked firing rate (analyzed for the duration of each individual stimulus) across10 crescendo stimuli (n = 46 and 55 for SC and TS neurons respectively). Shade indicates s.e.m. d Comparison of the mean evoked firing rate of TS neurons across 10 stimuli and accumulative distribution of escape latencies. Dotted curve represents fitting of the data. ***p < 0.001, r = −0.92, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. e Comparison of the mean evoked firing rate of TS neurons across 10 stimuli and the probability of freezing over time. ***p < 0.001, r = 0.92, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. f Comparison of the mean evoked firing of the sustained type of cortical L5 neurons and the probability of freezing over time. ***p < 0.001, r = 0.95, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. g Comparison of the mean evoked firing of the ON (yellow) and OFF (green) type of cortical neurons across 10 stimuli. ON neuron response vs. probability of freezing, p = 0.58, r = 0.20; OFF neuron response vs. probability of freezing, p = 0.74, r = −0.12, Pearson’s correlation coefficient. h, Evoked firing rate of an example TS neuron (left) and normalized responses of all the recorded TS neurons (right) to crescendo stimuli with different top intensities. Right, ***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with post hoc (Bonferroni) test, n = 36. i The probability of freezing to crescendo stimuli with different top intensities (n = 13, 32 and 14 mice respectively). j Evoked firing rate of an example SC neuron (left) and normalized responses of all the recorded SC neurons (right) to crescendo stimuli with different top intensities. Right, ***p < 0.001, *p = 0.022, one-way ANOVA with post hoc (Bonferroni) test, n = 19. k The probability of escape to crescendo stimuli with different top intensities (n = 13, 32 and 14 mice respectively).