Table 2.

Mixed effects model results between treatment group effects at week 12 (end of treatment), controlling for basline score, sex, age and education.

Between Groups	Low flavanol intake Vs. Placebo				Medium flavanol intake Vs. Placebo				High flavanol intake Vs. Placebo				Test of Intake amount Response Effect
Measure	Adj Mean Diff	SE	Cohen's d Effect sizea	pb	Adj Mean Diff	SE	Cohen's d Effect sizea	pb	Adj Mean Diff	SE	Cohen's d Effect sizea	pb	pc
Neurocognitive Measures
Novel Object-Recognition	− 8.917	154.92	− 0.007	0.954	− 147.065	155.426	− 0.112	0.345	21.693	156.072	0.017	0.890	0.441
List-Learning	0.592	1.178	0.07	0.616	0.996	1.187	0.118	0.402	2.024	1.184	0.239	0.088	0.042
List-Sorting	0.416	1.444	0.047	0.773	− 0.16	1.45	− 0.018	0.912	− 1.245	1.444	− 0.139	0.389	0.172
MRI Measure
CBV	− 0.084	0.253	− 0.122	0.743	− 0.165	0.238	− 0.24	0.493	0.169	0.262	0.246	0.524	0.307

Bold value indicates p < 0.05.

^aCohen’s d effect size calculated taking Adj Mean Diff divided by baseline measures standard deviation.

^bTwo-sided p value for t-test of treatment at each intake amount compared to placebo from longitudinal mixed effects model.

^cOne-sided p-vale for t-test of linear trend in treatment effects across groups from longitudinal mixed effects models.

Adj Mean Diff, adjusted mean difference; CBV, Cerebral Blood Volume.