Table 3.
The results of fit of measurement models
| Constructs | Measurement item | Reliability and validity statistics |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | (ECO1) Increase in the price of foods | AVE: 0·520 CR: 0·835 α: 0·774 |
| (ECO2) Decrease in the income and purchasing power | ||
| (ECO3) Become unemployed | ||
| (ECO4) The loss of sources of additional revenue | ||
| (ECO5) Increase the household’s expenditure | ||
| (ECO6) Sanction | ||
| (ECO7) Increase in exchange rate | ||
| Cultural | (CU1) Weak educational services and closure of educational centres | AVE: 0·582 CR: 0·847 α: 0·761 |
| (CU2) Lack of inter-sectoral cooperation during the Corona era | ||
| (CU3) Unnecessary travel of some people | ||
| (CU4) Forgetting traditions and customs | ||
| Social | (SO1) Existence of social insecurity | AVE: 0·534 CR: 0·842 α: 0·785 |
| (SO2) Existence of incorrect values and norms | ||
| (SO3) Low social trust | ||
| (SO4) Low public confidence in the government | ||
| (SO5) Trust foreign news sources | ||
| (SO6) Lack of powerful non-governmental organisations | ||
| (SO7) Lack of planning in the household | ||
| Human | (HU1) Lack of access to medical staff | AVE: 0·679 CR: 0·872 α: 0·818 |
| (HU2) Low level of knowledge in sanitation | ||
| (HU3) High level of depression during quarantine | ||
| (HU4) Lack of sufficient knowledge of people in controlling COVID-19 | ||
| (HU5) Lack of familiarity with the principles of proper nutrition | ||
| Physical | (PH1) Lack of medical equipment | AVE: 0·651 CR: 0·859 α: 0·799 |
| (PH2) Lack of pharmaceutical items | ||
| (PH3) Weak infrastructure | ||
| (PH4) Expensiveness and lack of disinfectants and sanitary detergents | ||
| (PH5) Lack of required sanitary items (masks, gloves, all kinds of washing gels) | ||
| Psychology | (PS1) Anxiety caused by illness | AVE: 0·637 CR: 0·853 α: 0·787 |
| (PS2) Sick of other family members | ||
| (PS3) Disappointing news on social media | ||
| (PS4) The existence of family tensions during the quarantine period | ||
| (PS5) Lack of exercise programmes in life | ||
| Information | (IN1) Lack of timely notification | AVE: 0·659 CR: 0·835 α: 0·738 |
| (IN2) Low-speed Internet | ||
| (IN3) Lack of reliable sources of information on the control and treatment of COVID-19 outbreak | ||
| (IN4) Weak psychological counselling services | ||
| Food insecurity | (FI1) Worried about not having enough food due to financial inability | AVE: 0·611 CR: 0·903 α: 0·879 |
| (FI2) Do not eat your favourite food because of your financial inability | ||
| (FI3) Restriction of food consumption (food diversity) due to financial inability | ||
| (FI4) Having to eat foods you don’t really like because of your financial inability | ||
| (FI5) Forced to eat less food due to financial inability | ||
| (FI6) Decreased number of meals (three meals) due to financial inability | ||
| (FI7) Having no food to eat at home due to financial inability | ||
| (FI8) Hungry night sleeping because of financial incapacity | ||
| (FI9) Spending a day without food due to financial inability |
AVE, average extracted variance; CR, combined reliability.
Suggested value: SRMR < 0·1 D-G1 > 0·05 D-G2 > 0·05 NFI > 0·90 RMS-Ɵ ≤ 0·12.
Estimated value: SRMR = 0·08 D-G1 = 0·624 D-G2 = 0 598 NFI = 0·99 RMS-Ɵ = 0·06.