Table 2.
Adjusted OR (95% CI) for pregnancy outcomes by maternal BMI according to the Chinese, WHO Asian or WHO European classifications.
| Pregnancy outcomes | BMI | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese BMI category | WHO Asian BMI category | WHO European BMI category | ||
| GDM | Underweight | 0.67 (0.41, 1.08) | 0.66 (0.41, 1.08) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.04) |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 1.80 (1.29, 2.51)*** | 1.47 (1.09, 1.99)* | 1.81 (1.23, 2.68)** | |
| PROM | Underweight | 1.49 (1.00, 2.20)* | 1.42 (0.96, 2.11) | 1.51 (1.02, 2.23)* |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 0.91 (0.63, 1.33) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.50) | |
| C-section | Underweight | 0.75 (0.50, 1.12) | 0.76 (0.51, 1.14) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.07) |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 1.49 (1.07, 2.06)* | 1.40 (1.05, 1.86)* | 1.26 (0.86, 1.85) | |
| PTB | Underweight | 0.57 (0.17, 1.88) | 0.62 (0.18, 2.08) | 0.57 (0.17, 1.89) |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 0.83 (0.37, 1.84) | 1.23 (0.63, 2.38) | 0.80 (0.30, 2.11) | |
| Macrosomia | Underweight | 0.24 (0.06, 1.04) | 0.28 (0.07, 1.21) | 0.23 (0.05, 0.96)* |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 3.08 (1.70, 5.57)*** | 2.96 (1.71, 5.12)*** | 3.17 (1.60, 6.25)*** | |
| LBW | Underweight | 1.03 (0.20, 5.35) | 1.11 (0.21, 5.81) | 1.14 (0.22, 5.98) |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 1.50 (0.40, 5.59) | 1.83 (0.57, 5.84) | 2.93 (0.73, 11.83) | |
| LGA | Underweight | 0.40 (0.16, 1.02) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.12) | 0.36 (0.14, 0.93)* |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 2.76 (1.75, 4.37)*** | 2.58 (1.68, 3.96)*** | 2.52 (1.50, 4.24)*** | |
| SGA | Underweight | 2.08 (1.17, 3.70)* | 2.04 (1.14, 3.66)* | 2.10 (1.18, 3.72)* |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) | 0.91 (0.52, 1.59) | 1.03 (0.50, 2.10) | |
Values are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Adjusted for maternal age, Han ethnicity, primiparity, history of miscarriage or abortion, maternal educational level, participant and partner’s income, maternal occupation status, gestational age at delivery, new born sex and gestational weight gain (continuous). GDM, PROM, C-section and PTB was not adjusted for gestational age at delivery and new born sex.
BMI body mass index, OR Odds ratios, CI confidence intervals, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PROM premature rupture of membrane, C-section cesarean section, PTB preterm birth, LBW low birth weight, LGA large for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age.