Table 2.
Baseline Patient-level Characteristics for Patients Who Received Empiric or Targeted Ceftazidime-avibactam and Colistin
| Empiric Therapy | Targeted Therapy | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceftazidime-avibactam (n = 349) | Ceftazidime-avibactam and Colistin (n = 72) | Colistin (n = 1034) | Ceftazidime-avibactam (n = 819) | Ceftazidime-avibactam and Colistin (n = 265) | Colistin (n = 2177) | |||||||
| Variable | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 59.1 (22.9) | 59.5 (18.0) | 60.2 (23.1) | 60.5 (20.6) | 58.3 (21.9) | 59.7 (20.7) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 217 | 62.2 | 37 | 51.4 | 624 | 60.4 | 491 | 60.0 | 171 | 64.5 | 1336 | 61.4 |
| Female | 132 | 37.8 | 35 | 48.6 | 410 | 39.7 | 328 | 40.1 | 94 | 35.5 | 840 | 38.6 |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | 196 | 56.2 | 43 | 59.7 | 642 | 62.1 | 506 | 61.8 | 154 | 58.1 | 1367 | 62.8 |
| African American | 89 | 25.5 | 19 | 26.4 | 274 | 26.5 | 180 | 22.0 | 65 | 24.5 | 484 | 22.2 |
| Other | 39 | 11.2 | 8 | 11.1 | 84 | 8.1 | 64 | 7.8 | 27 | 10.2 | 213 | 9.8 |
| Asian | 13 | 3.7 | 1 | 1.4 | 19 | 1.8 | 32 | 3.9 | 10 | 3.8 | 66 | 3.0 |
| Unknown | 12 | 3.4 | 1 | 1.4 | 15 | 1.5 | 37 | 4.5 | 9 | 3.4 | 47 | 2.2 |
| Comorbid conditiona,b | ||||||||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 97 | 27.8 | 19 | 26.4 | 318 | 30.8 | 237 | 28.9 | 67 | 25.2 | 579 | 26.6 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 89 | 25.5 | 33 | 45.8 | 226 | 21.9 | 227 | 27.7 | 64 | 24.1 | 425 | 19.5 |
| Transplant | 15 | 4.3 | 3 | 4.2 | 26 | 2.5 | 39 | 4.8 | 9 | 3.4 | 295 | 13.6 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 73 | 20.9 | 11 | 15.3 | 240 | 23.2 | 116 | 14.2 | 46 | 17.4 | 569 | 26.1 |
| Malignancy | 23 | 6.6 | 2 | 2.8 | 51 | 4.9 | 34 | 4.2 | 12 | 4.5 | 54 | 2.5 |
| Dialysis | 59 | 16.9 | 15 | 20.8 | 115 | 11.1 | 68 | 8.3 | 29 | 10.9 | 178 | 8.2 |
| Tracheostomy | 36 | 10.3 | 9 | 12.5 | 193 | 18.7 | 96 | 11.7 | 59 | 22.3 | 461 | 21.2 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 132 | 37.8 | 37 | 51.4 | 51 | 4.9 | 289 | 35.2 | 86 | 32.5 | 91 | 4.2 |
| Neutropenia | 14 | 4.0 | 5 | 6.9 | 30 | 2.9 | 42 | 5.1 | 20 | 7.5 | 46 | 2.1 |
| Vasopressor administrationc | 126 | 36.1 | 33 | 45.8 | 432 | 41.8 | 320 | 39.1 | 135 | 50.9 | 1036 | 47.6 |
| Acute kidney injury | 170 | 48.7 | 47 | 65.3 | 493 | 47.7 | 442 | 54.0 | 178 | 67.2 | 1006 | 46.2 |
| Presumed site of infection | ||||||||||||
| Abdominal | 55 | 15.8 | 13 | 18.1 | 17 | 1.6 | 168 | 20.5 | 53 | 20.0 | 31 | 1.4 |
| Bacteremia | 28 | 8.0 | 2 | 2.8 | 22 | 2.1 | 66 | 8.1 | 13 | 4.1 | 45 | 2.1 |
| Central nervous system | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 2.8 | 2 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.1 |
| Central venous catheter | 28 | 8.0 | 8 | 11.1 | 8 | 0.7 | 70 | 8.5 | 29 | 10.9 | 14 | 0.6 |
| Respiratory | 118 | 33.8 | 44 | 61.1 | 189 | 18.3 | 289 | 35.3 | 147 | 55.5 | 374 | 17.2 |
| Skin/soft tissue | 40 | 11.5 | 9 | 12.5 | 13 | 1.3 | 94 | 11.5 | 26 | 9.8 | 20 | 0.2 |
| Urinary | 127 | 36.4 | 26 | 36.1 | 230 | 22.2 | 279 | 34.1 | 100 | 37.7 | 402 | 18.5 |
| Unknown/other | 78 | 22.4 | 7 | 9.7 | 654 | 63.3 | 169 | 20.6 | 35 | 13.2 | 333 | 64.8 |
| APR-DRG severity of illness | ||||||||||||
| Minor | 4 | 1.2 | 0 | NA | 17 | 1.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 63 | 2.9 |
| Moderate | 31 | 8.9 | 3 | 4.2 | 71 | 6.9 | 54 | 6.7 | 11 | 4.2 | 194 | 8.9 |
| Major | 119 | 34.1 | 19 | 26.4 | 308 | 29.8 | 267 | 32.9 | 59 | 22.3 | 540 | 24.8 |
| Extreme | 176 | 50.4 | 50 | 69.4 | 638 | 61.7 | 487 | 60.1 | 194 | 73.2 | 1378 | 63.4 |
| APR-DRG risk of mortality | ||||||||||||
| Minor | 19 | 5.4 | 4 | 5.6 | 55 | 5.3 | 43 | 5.3 | 4 | 1.5 | 90 | 4.4 |
| Moderate | 63 | 18.1 | 7 | 9.7 | 148 | 14.3 | 137 | 16.9 | 36 | 13.6 | 344 | 15.8 |
| Major | 143 | 41.0 | 26 | 36.1 | 411 | 39.8 | 325 | 40.1 | 96 | 36.2 | 902 | 41.5 |
| Extreme | 105 | 30.1 | 35 | 48.6 | 420 | 40.6 | 306 | 37.7 | 129 | 48.7 | 839 | 38.6 |
| ICU during first dose | 92 | 26.4 | 26 | 36.1 | 38 | 3.7 | 232 | 47.4 | 102 | 48.6 | 272 | 12.5 |
Abbreviations: APR-DRG, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
aComorbid conditions reported on admission (see Supplementary Table 1 for list of associated International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision, codes).
bNon–mutually exclusive.
cDefined as administration of dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, or vasopressin ±1 day from initial ceftazidime-avibactam administration.