Figure 3.

Proportion of children who were alive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) free, and nonstunted at 18 months. Only children in non–infant and young child feeding trial arms were included. HIV exposed, n = 371; HIV unexposed, n = 1956. Among 1956 children who were HIV unexposed, 21 children were born to mothers who tested HIV negative in pregnancy but HIV positive at 18 months postpartum, meaning they became HIV exposed during breastfeeding; of these, 5 of 1956 (0.26%) were HIV positive at 18 months and 1 of 1956 (0.05%) was HIV unknown. Among the 1927 HIV-negative mothers of the 1956 children who were HIV unexposed, 266 (14%) did not undergo repeat HIV testing at 18 months; it is therefore possible that additional children in the HIV-unexposed group became postnatally exposed and therefore infected. The HIV incidence among groups tested was 1.2%, and HIV transmission occurred in 21% of children born to postpartum seroconverting mothers. Assuming similar circumstances, approximately 3 of the 266 mothers may have been HIV positive at 18 months, and there would be < 1 expected vertical transmission.