Table 2.
Growth Outcomes of Children Who Were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Exposed but Uninfected Compared to Children Who Were HIV Unexposed at 18 Months of Age
| Outcome | CHEU | CHU | Difference Between Means (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) z Score at 18-mo Visit | |||||
| No. | z Score | No. | z Score | ||
| LAZ | 297 | −1.97 (1.1) | 1771 | −1.58 (1.1) | −0.38 (−.51 to −.24) |
| WAZ | 297 | −0.93 (1.1) | 1765 | −0.75 (1.0) | −0.17 (−.32 to −.03) |
| WLZ | 295 | −0.03 (1.1) | 1762 | 0.02 (1.0) | −0.04 (−.19 to .11) |
| MUAC-for-age z score | 297 | −0.17 (0.9) | 1758 | 0.01 (0.9) | −0.18 (−.28 to −.07) |
| HCZ | 296 | −0.53 (1.1) | 1757 | −0.26 (1.1) | −0.27 (−.40 to −.14) |
| Dichotomous Outcomes at 18-mo Visit | Relative Risk (95% CI) | ||||
| no./No. | % | no./No. | % | ||
| Stunting (LAZ < −2) | 150/297 | 51 | 610/1771 | 34 | 1.46 (1.28–1.67) |
| Severe stunting (LAZ < −3) | 42/297 | 14 | 155/1771 | 9 | 1.60 (1.15–2.21) |
| Underweight (WAZ < −2) | 48/297 | 16 | 186/1765 | 11 | 1.51 (1.12–2.04) |
| Wasting (WLZ < −2) | 12/295 | 4 | 47/1762 | 3 | 1.52 (.78–2.97) |
| Microcephaly (HCZ < −2) | 29/296 | 10 | 98/1757 | 6 | 1.74 (1.18–2.56) |
Data were missing if not measured or implausible values.
Abbreviations: CHEU, children who are human immunodeficiency virus exposed but uninfected; CHU, children who are human immunodeficiency virus unexposed; CI, confidence interval; HCZ, head circumference-for-age z score; LAZ, length-for-age z score; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SD, standard deviation; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; WLZ, weight-for length z score.