. 2021 Feb 2;9:625691. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.625691

Table 2.

Very early risk and protective factors assessed by psychologists during the call.

Risk factors	Protective factors
* Individual factors (personality traits, psychiatric history, and previous traumas) * Type of death (e.g., rapid, unexpected, and untimely) * Death in the intensive care unit * Uncertainty, lack of information, and poor communication with the hospital staff * Lack of emotional and social support due to lack of social networking and/or social distancing * Physical distancing (not having had the chance to stay with the relative in the last period of life and to say the last goodbye)	* Resilience * Creativity and flexibility: to be able to find new ways to cope and to adapt to the grief under the extraordinary circumstances of COVID-19 * Gratefulness and good communication with the hospital staff * Faith, spirituality, and religious beliefs

Risk factors

Protective factors

* Individual factors (personality traits, psychiatric history, and previous traumas)
* Type of death (e.g., rapid, unexpected, and untimely)
* Death in the intensive care unit
* Uncertainty, lack of information, and poor communication with the hospital staff
* Lack of emotional and social support due to lack of social networking and/or social distancing
* Physical distancing (not having had the chance to stay with the relative in the last period of life and to say the last goodbye)

* Resilience
* Creativity and flexibility: to be able to find new ways to cope and to adapt to the grief under the extraordinary circumstances of COVID-19
* Gratefulness and good communication with the hospital staff
* Faith, spirituality, and religious beliefs