Table 2.

Green economic efficiency alternative strategies

Code	Strategy	Brief description
S1	Green economic development strategy	The economies are industrializing by going green, using smart and innovation-driven ideas (Cao et al. 2019). Economic growth and development are the primary objectives to achieve. In the green economy, like traditional economic development, strategies are adapted for growth and development that improve environmental outcomes (ICMA 2019).
S2	Resource efficiency and green purchasing strategy	The green economic development strategies focus on production supply. Resource efficiency and green purchasing are broader strategies that address the consumption side of the green economy. These strategies harness the community’s purchasing power, demand for energy, resources, water, and green products (ICMA 2019).
S3	Local production and utilization strategy	Local production and utilization strategy is another alternative to green development strategy. It encourages an increase in community wealth by producing and consuming locally. It promotes regional self-reliance and economic security. It also eliminates the environmental impacts linked to transportation and logistics (ICMA 2019; OECD 2012).
S4	Waste stream management strategy	This strategy primarily focuses on the adoption of aggressive solid waste management programs. It focuses on reducing the costs and negative externalities related to waste disposal. The local governments can do impressively by creating jobs and reducing the cost of doing business. However, for this purpose to achieve, innovative technologies need to be introduced for a reduction in the waste stream, an increase in recycling, and transforming W2E (ICMA 2019).
S5	Green infrastructure strategy	Green infrastructure development strategy is another alternative to achieve GEE (John et al. 2019). Comprehensive and inclusive land use policy decisions can significantly help inefficient resource use, maintain environmental quality, and create economic activity. Moreover, local governments can positively impact the green economy by using their authority in planning and implementing. The local governments can help improve the quality of life for the residents and improve the local business environment (ICMA 2019).