Table 2.

Comparison of spirometry and physiological evaluation of subjects enrolled in the trial for the treatment of moderate persistent asthma by the propolis tablet

	Total	Before trial		After trial
		Propolis	Placebo	Propolis	Placebo
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
FVC (L)	2.53±0.8	2.5±0.9	2.5±0.8	2.6±0.8	2.34±0.7‡
FVC percent	78.1±8.6	78.4±11.2	78±5	83.8±9.5*†	72.8±9.8‡
FEV1 (L)	1.84±0.64	1.85±0.56	1.82±0.56	2.03±0.7†	1.77±0.5‡
FEV1 percent	69.3±5.35	69.1±5.8	68.7±4.7	76±13.6*†	62.5±8.5‡
FEV1/FVC	73.5±7.1	74.7±9.3*	72.9±6.6	76.6±8.6*	74±13.3‡
FEV1/VC	81.2±1.6	81.5±14.4	77.5±10.3	85.5±19*	73.3±10.3‡
FEF25-75 (L/S)	1.45±0.5	1.4±0.5	1.4±0.4	1.85±0.9*†	1.3±0.5‡
FEF25-75 percent	39.6±8.1	40.7±9.66	37.6±5.11	49.1±21.3*†	34.4±8.4‡
FEF25-75/FVC	0.59±0.26	0.62±0.21	0.57±0.86	0.67±0.22*	0.55±0.13‡
PEFR (L/S)	2.17±0.86	1.9±0.8	2.4±0.9	2.3±0.9	1.9±0.6‡
PEFR percent	49.2±1.42	45±12.1†	54±15.1	53.1±14.2†	45.2±11.8‡
FENO (PPM)	61.9±6.4	64.2±52.5	63.3±46.4	42.9±43.3*†	83.2±80.3‡
ACT	13.4±5.4	12.8±5.5	13.9±5.09	19.4±4.39*†	12.8±6.2
Acute attack	2.14±2.56	2.64±2.67	1.65±2.4	0.73±0.17*	1.7±2.5
ED V	0.6±1.8	0.92±0.2	0.12±0.33	0*†	0.29±0.5

*=Significant difference after the trial compared to before treatment (paired t test)

†=Significant difference between propolis and the placebo after the trial (student t test or Mann-Whitney U test)

‡=Significant difference after the trial in the placebo group (paired t test)

FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC=Forced vital capacity, VC=Vital capacity, FEF25-75=Forced expiratory flow in 25- 75% of vital capacity, PEFR=Peak expiratory flow rate, FENO=Fraction of expiratory nitric oxide, ACT=Asthma control test score, EDV=Emergency department visit,