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Effect of PAA on PDGF-C, Smad and MAPK signaling on NRK-49F cells. (A) The expression of PDGF-C and Smad3 phosphorylation were examined by western blot analysis following treatment with PAA, TGF-β1 or a combination of PAA and TGF-β1. (B) Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of proteins associated with MAPK signaling. n=3. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. PAA, poricoic acid A; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1.
