TGF-βΔDCxRag1KO double knockout mice (TGF-β deficient and T cell-deficient) show a lower degree of gastric H. felis colonization independent of inflammatory cytokine levels. After chronic 6-month H. felis infection, the stomachs from Rag1KO and Rag1KO/TGF-βΔDC mice were removed (n=10 mice per group). (A) Schematic representation TGF-βΔDCxRag1KO generation. (B) Gastric cytokine levels including IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-ɑ were measured via quantitative PCR and were not significantly different between the Rag1KO and TGF-βΔDCxRag1KO mice. (C) H. felis mRNA was measured via quantitative PCR to assess colonization (n=10 mice per group). Results are shown as mean ± S.E.M. * P<0.05.