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. 2021 Feb 16;20:96. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03635-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Within-host and population level diversity of P. falciparum parasites in the Vhembe District. a Multiplicity of infection (MOI) measured as the second highest number of alleles detected at any of the 26 loci. The dashed red line indicates the mean MOI = 2.13. The inserted pie chart shows proportion of single (34%) to multiple (66%) infections. b Within-host diversity index (1-Fws). 1-Fws value shows outbreeding and a value of 0 indicates a perfect clone. The dashed blue line indicates the cut-off of 1-Fws ≤ 0.05 which represents samples with clonal infections. The dashed red line indicates the cut-off of 1-Fws ≥ 0.30 which represents samples with high genetic diversity. The inserted pie chart shows proportion of clonal (40%) to highly diverse (33%) infections. c Distribution of number of unique alleles (allelic richness) detected in 26 microsatellite loci. The dashed red line indicates the mean = 12.2. d Population level genetic diversity measured as the distribution of heterozygosity in 26 microsatellite loci. The dashed red line indicates the mean heterozygosity = 0.74