Table 1.
Characteristics of study groups
| Author | Year | Location (setting) | Study type | Study size | Mean age (years)/SD | Mean duration of DM | Ulcer location/s | Mean ulcer duration (days)/SD | Mean ulcer size (cm2)/SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thompson et al. [1] | 2019 |
North Dakota USA |
RCT |
13 (I = 7, C = 6) |
I = 58.5(12.96) C = 55.17(18.32 |
NA | Plantar | NA |
I = 1.54(1.74) C = 2.78(3.04) |
| 2 | Tettebach et al. [5] | 2019 |
Multicenter USA |
RCT |
110 (I = 54,C = 56) |
I = 57.4(10.6) C = 57.1(10.5) |
NA | Toe, forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot |
I = 145.6(129.5) C = 149.8(110.6) |
I = 3.2(2.8) C = 3.9(3.8) |
| 3 | Didomenico et al. [9] | 2016 |
Multicenter USA |
RCT |
40 (I = 20, C = 20) |
I-59.0(13) C-58.0(9) |
NA | Toe, forefoot, midfoot, heel, ankle, and hindfoot | > = 28.0 |
I = 2.0(0.90) C = 3.3(4.35) |
| 4 | Snyder et al. [10] | 2016 |
Multicenter USA |
RCT |
29 (I = 15, C = 14) |
I = 57.9(12.49) C = 58.6(6.97) |
NA | Forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot, pahanges, metatarsals | > = 28.0 |
I = 4.7(5.43) C = 6.9(6.75) |
| 5 |
Zelen et al [11] |
2015 |
Multicenter USA |
RCT |
100 (I1 = 32, I2 = 33, C = 35) |
I1 = 63.3(12.25) I2 = 63.8(11.86) C = 60.6(11.55) |
NA | Toe, forefoot, midfoot hindfoot, and ankle |
I1 = 121.1(107.1) I2 = 133.0(103.46) C = 98.7(90.3) |
I1 = 2.6(2.97) I2 = 2.7(2.75) C = 3.1(3.17) |
| 6 | Zelen et al. [12] | 2014 | Southwest Virginia USA | RCT |
40 (I = 20, C = 20) |
I = 59.6(13.8) C = 60.8(0.9) |
NA | Toe, forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot |
I = 118.3(151.9) C = 122.5(101.5) |
I = 2.4(1.8) C = 2.0(1.3) |
| 7 | Lavery et al. [13] | 2014 |
Multicenter USA |
RCT |
97 (I = 50, C = 47) |
I = 55.5(11.5) C = 55.1(12.0) |
I = 15.4(11.1) C = 14.0(11.0) |
Dorsal and plantar |
I = 115.0(72.6) C = 122.9(83.9) |
I = 3.41(3.23) C = 3.93(3.22) |
| 8 | Zelen et al. [2] | 2013 |
Southwest Virginia USA |
RCT |
25 (I = 13, C = 12) |
I = 56.4(14.7) C = 61.7(10.3) |
NA | Forefoot, digital, heel and midfoot |
I = 98.7(91.0) C = 114.8(108.5) |
I = 2–6(1.9) C = 3.4(2.9) |
| 9 | Valiente et al. [14] | 2018 |
El Palmar Spain |
Prospective Case series |
N = 14 | 57 | NA | Forefoot, midfoot and hind foot | > = 56 | 12.30 |
| 10 | Abdo [15] | 2016 |
St.Louis USA |
Prospective Cases series |
N = 14 | 56.7(9.1) | NA | Forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot | > = 28 | 6.5(11.6) |
| 11 | Raphael[16] | 2016 |
Georgia USA |
Retrospective study | N = 29 | 52.9(1.83) | NA | Forefoot., midfoot and hindfoot | 340.2(116.9) | 10.6(2.15) |
| 12 | Kirsner et al. [17] | 2015 |
Multicenter USA |
Retrospective study | N = 63 | 61.1(12.2) | NA | Planter | 128.8 | 5.2 |
SD standard deviation, DM diabetes mellitus, RCT randomized control trial, I intervention group, C control group, NA not available